结直肠癌流行病学特征回顾性研究

Retrospective study on the epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer

目的探讨河北北方学院附属第一医院(以下简称"我院")近5年来收治的结直肠癌流行病学特征,为政府制订肿瘤预防控制策略提供决策依据。方法选取我院2013年1月~2017年12月就诊的696例结直肠癌患者为研究对象,对其年龄、性别、地域分布、病变部位、分化程度、病理类型、主要症状等资料进行分析总结。结果 2013~2017年统计结直肠癌就诊例数分别为111、119、130、147例和189例;其中,男414例,女282例;好发年龄50~70岁,尤其是60~70岁;城区427例,农村269例;直肠癌457例,结肠癌239例;病变分化程度以中分化为主,病理类型以乳头状腺癌为主,印戒细胞癌女性居多;症状以大便带血和腹部不适为主。结论近5年,我院收治的结直肠癌患者例数呈逐年上升趋势,男多于女,城市就诊高于农村,直肠癌发病远高于结肠近2倍,以乳头状、中分化腺癌为主,女性患者应注意印戒细胞癌的发生;因此,应逐步完善结直肠癌的三级预防措施,加强结肠镜的普查及科普宣教,提高早诊率。

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of colorectal cancer admitted and treated by the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University ("our hospital" for short) in recent 5 years,and to provide decision basis for the government to formulate cancer prevention and control strategies.Methods A total of 696 cases of colorectal cancer patients admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2017 were selected as research objects,and data including age,gender,regional distribution,lesion site,differentiation degree,pathological type and main symptoms were analyzed and summarized.Results A total of 111,119,130 cases,147 cases and 189 cases were counted from 2013 to 2017.Among them,414 were male and 282 were female.The age of hair is 50 - 70 years old,especially 60 - 70 years old.There were 427 cases in urban areas and 269 cases in rural areas.There were 457 cases of rectal cancer and 239 cases of colon cancer.The pathological type was mainly papillary adenocarcinoma,and signet-ring cell carcinoma was mostly female.Symptoms were mainly bloody stool and abdominal discomfort.Conclusion In the past 5 years,the number of colorectal cancer patients admitted to our hospital has been increasing year by year,more men than women,more urban patients than rural patients,the incidence of rectal cancer is much higher than the colon nearly 2 times,mainly papillary and median-differentiated adenocarcinoma,female patients should pay attention to the occurrence of signet-ring cell carcinoma;Therefore,it is necessary to gradually improve the three-level prevention measures of colorectal cancer,strengthen colonoscopy screening and education,and improve the early diagnosis rate.