用综合温度法进行建筑物采暖能耗模拟与估算初探

Preliminary Study on Simulation and Estimation of Building Heating Energy Consumption with the Equivalent Temperature Method

建筑采暖、照明、电器使用等的能耗估算在严寒、寒冷地区的建筑设计和运行维护中是很重要的环节。在建筑采暖能耗计算中,传统方法是采用干球温度作为输入量,而后再以传热系数修正系数来考虑太阳辐射的影响,由于步骤多、算法复杂,结果使得对建筑物的供热量较多。以DeST软件模拟的采暖能耗为真值,比较干球温度法和考虑太阳辐射在内的综合温度法采用静态算法所估算采暖能耗与真值的误差。结果表明静态法与真值的误差为4.03%,综合温度法与真值的误差为2.17%;在使用综合温度法计算节能建筑采暖热负荷时,使用室外综合温度得出的热负荷相比于室外干球温度更接近DeST模拟的真值,并且节能了10.84%。可见综合温度法,使用简便、结果与真值的误差在允许范围内,更适合于建筑物的采暖能耗模拟与估算。同时把太阳辐射的因素融入综合温度中,在进行采暖能耗估算时也较为方便。

The energy consumption of heating,lighting,and electrical appliances in buildings are crucial parts of building design,operation and maintenance in sever cold and cold regions. In the calculation of building heating energy consumption,using the dry-bulb temperature as the input is the traditional method,and then the influence of solar radiation is considered through the correction coefficient of heat transfer coefficient. Because of the multiple steps and the complex algorithm,the result is bigger than the necessary supply of heat to the building. The heating energy consumption simulated by DeST software is taken as the true value,and the errors of the heating energy consumption and the true value are estimated by the static algorithm compared with the dry-bulb temperature method and the equivalent temperature method( Hereinafter referred to as ETM) considering solar radiation. The results show that the error between the static method and the true value is 4. 03%,and the error between the ITM and the true value is 2. 17%. When using ETM to calculate the heating load of an energy-efficient building,the heat load obtained by using the outdoor equivalent temperature is closer to the true value of the DeST simulation than the outdoor dry bulb temperature,and the energy saving is 10. 84%. It can be seen that the ETM is easy to use,the error between the result and the true value is within the allowable range,and is more suitable for the simulation and estimation of the heating energy consumption of a building. At the same time,the factors of solar radiation are integrated into the equivalent temperature,which is also more convenient when estimating heating energy consumption.