控制病理科空气中有毒气体导致的职业风险

Strictly control the department operation personnel career risk caused by exposure to toxic gases

目的规范病理科建设,制订病理科职业防护规范化流程与标准,减少病理科空气中甲醛、二甲苯浓度,控制操作人员暴露所致的职业风险。方法根据国际联合委员会(JCI)制订的医院国际标准,依照相对应的可衡量要素,添置全自动脱水机、全自动染色封片仪等相关设备,使制片过程在相对密闭的状态下进行,减少甲醛、二甲苯的挥发,同时安装通风系统加空气净化装置,增加废气排出。结果未装通风系统加空气净化装置、对甲醛、二甲苯挥发没有有效控制组(1组),对环境中甲醛、二甲苯浓度进行检测,取材室甲醛浓度为4.47mg/m^3、切片室二甲苯浓度5.31mg/m^3;装通风系统加空气净化装置、对甲醛、二甲苯挥发没有有效控制组(2组),取材室甲醛浓度为0.46mg/m^3、切片室二甲苯浓度0.57mg/m^3,装通风系统加空气净化装置、对甲醛、二甲苯挥发进行有效控制组(3组),取材室甲醛浓度为0.35mg/m^3、切片室二甲苯浓度≤0.2mg/m^3。结论病理科常用甲醛、二甲苯严重污染工作环境,装通风系统加空气净化装置是减少病理科甲醛、二甲苯污染程度的最方便、最直接的方法,但有一定的局限性,同时对甲醛、二甲苯挥发进行有效控制,才是切实可行的有效方法。

Objective To standardize the development of the department of pathology.To set the processes and standards to standardize the occupational protection of the department of pathology.To reduce the concentration of the formaldehyde and xylene in the air of the department of pathology.To control the risk of the operators might take.Methods The following improvements are made according to the international standards,formulated by Joint Commission International(JCI).In accordance with the corresponding measurable factors,related apparatuses have been used,like automatic dryer,and automatic dyeing and sealing machine,to help to make the production process in a relatively closed environment so that the volatile of the formaldehyde and xylene are reduces.Meanwhile,the ventilation system plus air purification device is added to increase the exhaust of emissions.Results Set control group as Group One.For this group,no ventilation system plus air purification device is used,no control is used to the volatile of formaldehyde and xylene.The concentration of the formaldehyde is 4.47 mg/m^3,and the concentration of the xylene is 5.31 mg/m^3.Set the group with ventilation system plus air purification device,but without the control of the volatile of formaldehyde and xylene as Group Two.The concentration of the formaldehyde is 0.46 mg/m^3,and the concentration of the xylene is 0.57 mg/m^3.Set the group with ventilation system plus air purification device and the control of the volatile of formaldehyde and xylene as Group Three.The concentration of the formaldehyde is 0.35 mg/m^3,and the concentration of the xylene is no more than 0.2 mg/m^3.Conclusion The formaldehyde and xylene,which is frequently used by the department of pathology is serious pollution to the working environment.The installation of the ventilation system plus air purification device is the easiest and the most direct way to reduce the pollution of the formaldehyde and xylene in the department of pathology.However,the control of the volatile of the formaldehyde and xylene is needed to overcome the limitation of this approach.