噪声作业人员在岗体检听力检查结果分析

Analysis of hearing examination results of noise workers in on-the-job physical examination

目的探讨噪声作业人员在岗听力损失情况,为企业开展噪声控制、加强个人防护提供依据。方法选取2015年1月至2016年12月期间接触噪声作业人员820人为噪声暴露组,同期未接触噪声在岗作业人员800人为非暴露组,比较两组人员听力损伤情况,分析不同工龄噪声作业人员听力损伤情况,比较单独接触噪声与同时接触多种危害因素作业人员听力损失情况。结果 820人接触噪声作业人员中189人出现不同程度听力损伤,暴露组单纯语频听力损失率为2.6%,明显高于非暴露组的1.1%,单纯高频听力损失率为4.9%,明显高于非暴露组的1.0%,高频伴语频听力损失率为15.6%,明显高于非暴露组的3.0%,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);暴露组人员听力异常率为23.0%,明显高于非暴露组的5.1%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);工龄≤20年人员听力损失检出率为17.8%,明显低于工龄≥21年人员的28.7%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时接触多种危害因素作业人员听力异常检出率为71.7%,明显高于单独接触噪声组的45.8%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论噪声污染与其他环境污染一样,能够对人类健康造成严重影响,相关部门应加强防护措施,减少职业性噪声的危害。

Objective To discuss the hearing loss of noise workers, so as to provide a basis for enterprises to carry out noise control and strengthen personal protection. Methods A total of 820 noise workers on-the-job during February 2015 and December 2016 were divided into the noise exposure group, and 800 workers on-the-job at the same time without exposure to noise were divided into the non-exposed group. The hearing impairment was contrasted between the two groups and between different working years in the workers, and the hearing loss of workers exposed to noise alone and multiple hazards at the same time was compared. Results Among 820 workers exposed to noise, 189 suffered from hearing impairment in varying degrees. The hearing loss rate of the exposure group was 2.6%, significantly higher than 1.1% in the non-exposed group(P<0.05). Simple high frequency hearing loss rate was 4.9% in the exposure group, significantly higher than 1.0% in the non-exposed group(P<0.05). High frequency and speech frequency hearing loss rate of the exposure group was 15.6%, significantly higher than 3.0% in the non-exposed group(P<0.05).Hearing abnormality rate was 23.0% in the exposure group, significantly higher than 5.1% in the non-exposed group(P<0.05). The detection rate of hearing loss was 17.8% in workers with service life less than 20 years, which was significantly lower than 28.7% in those with service life more than 21 years(P<0.05). The hearing abnormality rate in the workers exposed to multiple hazards was 71.7%, significantly higher than 45.8% in workers exposed to noise alone(P<0.05). Conclusion Noise pollution has a serious impact on human health like other environmental pollution. Relevant departments should strengthen protective measures to reduce the harm of occupational noise.