论唐诗的“美人幻梦”主题及其变形

On the Theme and Transformation of “Beauties in Dreams” in the Tang Poetry

宋玉《高唐赋》《神女赋》与《诗经·周南·汉广》《列仙传·江妃二女》以及《洛神赋》等秦汉文学作品均表达了男子的求女之思,求而不得的痛苦促发了“美人幻梦”的主题,楚王梦会神女的故事即为其文学原型。唐代文人在诗歌中营造出巫山梦、神女梦、高唐梦、楚王梦、襄王梦、阳台梦、云雨梦等各种语境,以表达男女之间的相思别离、送别友人的情谊、怀古思今的讽咏,甚至是贬谪思归的幽怨,而这一切在幻梦之中的感慨,背后寄寓的则是人生的悲欢。同时,作为“美人幻梦”主题的变形,曹唐的刘阮天台遇仙组诗展现的“幻中逢仙女”的意境,则从楚王的梦会过渡到樵夫的艳遇,体现了唐代神仙想象的变异以及唐代神仙故事世俗化的倾向。

Song Yu s Gao Tang Fu, Shen Nu Fu, The Book of Songs·Zhou Nan· Han Guang, Lie Xian Zhuan·Jiang Fei Er Nu, Luo Shen Fu and other literature works in the Qin and Han dynasties, all expressed men's desire for women and the pain of seeking in vain, thus led to the theme of “beauties in dreams”, the literary prototype was the king of the State of Chu, dreaming of meeting a goddess. Literati in the Tang dynasty created dreams in Wushan Mountain, dreams of fairies, dreams in Gaotang, dreams of the King of the State of Chu, dreams of the King Xiang of the State of Chu, dreams in balcony, dreams of making love with fairies, and other situations to express their love-sickness and the separation between men and women, the friendly sentiments of bidding farewell to friends, the satire and praise of reminiscing of the past and pondering over the present, and even the bitterness of banishing from the court and going back to one's hometown with eagerness, all these emotions in their dreams were the vicissitudes of life. At the same time, as the transformation of the theme of “beauties in dreams”, the artistic conception of coming across fairies in dreams, created by Cao Tang in his collections of poems about Liu Chen and Ruan Zhao's meeting fairies in Tiantai Mountain and getting married, shifting from the dreams of the King of the State of Chu to a woodsman's love affair, showed the tendency of transforming fairies in dreams and the secularization of fairy tales in the Tang dynasty.