论王阳明对朱熹的三重解构——以海德格尔现象学为视角

On Wang Yang-ming’s Triple Deconstruction towards Zhu Xi——From the Perspective of Heidegger’s Phenomenology

以海德格尔现象学为视角,剖析王阳明对朱熹的批判与继承,进而探索王阳明心学的后现代价值和意义。王阳明心学蕴涵着对朱熹理学的三重解构:首先,在本体论上,王阳明以“万物一体”在世结构方式解构朱熹“理一分殊”,重新诠释本体与万物关联方式。其次,以“心理为一”解构朱熹“心理二分”,建构“心即性即理”心学体系。最后,以自我伦理实现的途径解构朱熹“格物”和“进学”方法。通过实践日常伦理生活的忠孝礼仪之事,磨砺本性,回归平静心,自下而上体悟道体,通达“天人合一”。

From the perspective of Heidegger's phenomenology, the paper explores Wang Yang-ming's criticism and inheritance of Zhu Xi s philosophy, and the postmodern value and significance of Wang Yang-ming's philosophy of the mind. Wang Yang-ming's philosophy of the mind contains the triple deconstruction of Zhu Xi s philosophy. Firstly, Wang Yang-ming deconstructs Zhu Xi's “multiple modes share a single substance” by his “all things are one”, to reinterprets the correlation of ontology and things. Secondly, Wang Yang-ming deconstructed Zhu Xi's “mind and principle are two different things” by his “mind and principle are one thing” to construct the mind philosophy of “mind is nature and also principle”. Finally, Wang Yang-ming deconstructed Zhu Xi's “attaining knowledge by studying the essence of things” by the way of realizing self-ethics. Through the practice of daily ethics of loyalty and filial piety and etiquette, one should cultivate oneself, return to a calm heart, and understand the “unity of man and nature”.