先秦儒家“乐”思想的伦理审视——以《礼记·乐记》为视角

The Ethical Review of the Pre-qin Confucian Thought of Music——Analysis from The Book of Rites·The Book of Music

《礼记·乐记》是先秦时期最能反映儒家“乐”思想的重要著作。先秦儒家的“乐”思想,不仅仅是一种艺术娱乐,更重要的是能够对人心起到感化作用。陶冶人的性情,表达人的情感,提升人的精神境界和修养。儒家乐论思想因此被赋予政治伦理教化功能,以“乐”来考察一个国家的政治得失、社会治理,使上下和其声,移风易俗,导引正确的价值观方向。在社会伦理方面,则是规范人伦等级,维持社会的和谐。关于乐的伦理教化,并不是外在的强制,而是内在的引导,起着潜移默化的作用。在当代社会,乐思想仍具一定的价值,尤其是在自我身心和谐、人际关系和谐,人与社会和谐这三个方面具有重要启示。

The Book of Rites·The Book of Music is the most important work that can fully reflect the Confucian thought of music in the Pre-qin Period. The Confucian thought of music in Pre-qin Period is not only an artistic entertainment, but also an inspiration to people's heart. Moreover, it can help to cultivate people's temperament, express people s emotions, and enhance people s spiritual realm and self-cultivation. Therefore, it has been endowed with the function of political ethics education in order to judge a country's political gains and losses, social ethics and national harmony with the thought of music, and to revolutionize the old social customs and practices and to guide the correct value direction. In terms of the social ethics, it can standardize the ethics level and maintain the social harmony. It is not its external coercion but its internal guidance that plays a subtle effect on the ethical enlightenment of music. Even in the contemporary society, the thought of music is still of some significance, especially in these three aspects:the harmony between body and mind, interpersonal harmony, and the harmony between people and society.