玉米高产群体构建的发展研究

The development of maize yield group build research

在玉米高产群体构建过程中,玉米种质资源更新对产量的贡献率为50%~60%,种植密度调整等栽培措施、氮肥的合理施用等养分供给措施也是提升玉米群体产量的重要途径。我国春玉米产量纪录为22756.65kg/hm^2。肥料、种植密度等栽培高产栽培管理措施的对玉米产量提升的贡献率为40%~50%。将不同类型玉米品种的增产途径和栽培调控作为主攻方向,提高玉米群体生产能力,突破群体库容限制,进行群体功能性挖潜,实现玉米群体结构和个体功能协同增益。文章主要分析了国内外高产群体构建技术发展动态和机理,总结玉米高产群体构建技术概念和主要技术原理,并在此基础上提出了基于区域生态特性的高产群体构建技术研究方向,旨在经过全方位的研究与普及应用后,达到玉米生产结构性挖潜,从而促进我国区域玉米生产持续增效与可持续发展。

In the process of building a community, maize yield of maize germplasm resources update for the contribution rate of production of about 50%~60%,and cultivation measures, such as planting density adjustment of nitrogen nutrient supply measures such as rational fertilization is the important way to improve maize population yield, spring maize yield in China record of 22756.65kg/hm2.Cultivation of high-yield cultivation management measures such as fertilizer and planting density on corn yield to promote the contribution rate of close to 40%~50%.Methods to increase production of different kinds of maize varieties and cultivation regulation of a main direction, improve the capacity of the group of corn production ability, the breakthrough limitations, group functional development, realize the coordinated gain of maize population structure and individual function.Highyielding group building technology both at home and abroad this paper mainly analyzes the dynamic and mechanism, summarizes the maize yield group building technical concept and the main technical principles, on this basis, based on the regional ecological characteristics of high-yielding group building technical research, aimed at after comprehensive research and popularize and apply to corn production structural development, thus promotes our country corn production continues to increase efficiency and regional sustainable development.