西方制裁下的俄罗斯北极油气开发

The Exploitation of Russia’s Oil and Gas under Western Sanctions

石油天然气行业是俄罗斯经济发展和财政收入的支柱性产业。随着传统油气田产量的下降,俄罗斯将北极、大陆架和难采储量作为维持本国油气产量的长期战略性任务。2014年乌克兰危机后,西方对俄罗斯油气行业实行了技术和资金两方面的制裁。作为回应,俄罗斯调整了其能源政策,通过进口替代、转向东方寻求资金和技术支持等方式,降低制裁带来的影响。此外,为了加快北极地区油气资源的开发,俄罗斯政府还从资源、技术、税收等方面提供了相应的扶持政策。本文梳理了俄罗斯北极地区油气资源开发的现状,分析了在西方制裁情况下俄罗斯为加快北极油气开发所采取的政策,评估了俄罗斯北极油气资源开发的前景。

Oil and gas industry is the Russia's pillar for economic growth and main source of fiscal revenue.With the fall in the output of traditional oil and gas field,Russia's long-run strategy to maintain its level of output angled towards the Arctic,the continental shelf reserves,and the reserves not easily accessible.In response to western sanctions on technology and capital after the crisis of Ukraine,Russia has endeavored to compromise the aftermath by adjusting its energy policy,implementing import substitution,seeking funds and technology from the east,etc.This paper evaluates the prospect of Russia's Arctic oil and gas exploitation on basis of an analysis of current situation and policies to expediate the exploitation under the western sanctions.