印度国大党政治地位变迁中的党群关系困境与出路

Dilemma and Ways forward of Relationship between the Party and the People in the Change of Political Status of the Indian National Congress

作为一个百年老党,印度国大党在领导民族独立的过程中,赢得了广泛的群众支持;在印度独立后曾一党独大、长期执政。然而,随着印度经济社会的发展,国大党的全民型路线逐渐难取悦选民,家族政治弊端不断暴露;严重的腐败问题使国大党形象一落千丈;组织体制优势的弱化造成的选民沟通障碍——此等问题令国大党陷入党群关系困境,并因此丧失执政地位,且在如今印度政坛举步维艰。国大党要想走出目前的党群关系困境,必须以领导层轮替为契机,降低家族政治的影响;变败选压力为动力,推动选民认同从领袖转向政党政策;加大反腐力度,挽回政党形象,重聚选民信任;强化党的机制建设,畅通选民沟通渠道。

As a century-old party,the Indian National Congress has won wide support in the process of leading national independence through the charisma of political party leaders,the inclusiveness of policies,and the spirit of going through thick and thin together with the people.After the independence of India,the Indian National Congress was once dominantly in power for a long time.However,the relationship between the party and the people is changing,and the support of the masses is not once and for all.With the development of India’s economy and society,the national line of the Indian National Congress is no longer able to please all voters;family politics is hard to become a signboard in the election,and its drawbacks are constantly exposed;serious corruption causes the image of the India National Congress to plummet;coupled with the communication barriers caused by the weakening of the organizational system,the Indian National Congress has fallen into a serious dilemma of the relationship between the party and the masses,which makes the Indian National Congress not only lose its dominant position but also experience several degrees of ups and downs,struggling in the India politics led by increasingly fierce competition.If the Indian National Congress wants to get out of the current dilemmas in the relationship between the party and the people,it is needed to take the leadership rotation as an opportunity to reduce the influence of family politics;change the pressure of elections as the driving force,push the voters’political identity to change from leaders to party policies;recover the image of the party,reunite the trust of the voters;strengthen the party’s mechanism construction,and smooth the channels of voter communication.Only when the Indian National Congress prepares for long-term maintaining close ties with the masses and constantly improves its own construction,will it be possible to regain the favor of voters and make a comeback to return to the center of the Indian politics.