一次性塑料餐具浸出液对小鼠致突变作用的研究

Research on Mutagenicity of Disposable Plastic Tableware Extracts in Mice

综合评价一次性塑料餐具对小鼠的致突变作用,以给人们科学合理地使用一次性塑料餐具提供参考.本次研究用100℃蒸馏水浸泡一次性塑料餐具制备浸出液,采用灌胃法将浸出液注入小鼠体内,连续诱导10d,检测一次性塑料餐具浸出液对小鼠嗜多染红细胞微核、精子和肝细胞的影响.结果显示:①一次性塑料餐具浸出液对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核影响显著(P<0.05),微核率从正常的2.80‰上升至24.48‰.其中,一次性塑料杯浸出液的微核率升高极为显著(P<0.01),达到15.01‰.②一次性塑料杯、一次性塑料袋及一次性塑料发泡餐盒的浸出液对小鼠精子畸变率的影响依次升高,分别为5.83%、6.70%、7.80%,但均未超过环磷酰胺对小鼠精子的致畸率(9.80%,P>0.05).③各组一次性塑料餐具浸出液均使小鼠肝细胞DNA拖尾率极显著上升(P<0.01),其中一次性塑料袋浸出液对小鼠肝细胞DNA拖尾的影响最大,为7.20%(P<0.01).本研究表明,在100℃时,一次性塑料餐具浸出液对小鼠有致突变作用.

The mutagenic effect of disposable plastic tableware on mice was evaluated comprehensively,which could provide reference for people to use disposable plastic tableware scientifically and rationally.In this study,the extract was prepared by soaking disposable plastic tableware in distilled water at 100℃.The extract was injected into mice by gavage for 10 days.The effects of disposable plastic tableware extract on the micronucleus,sperm and hepatocytes of polychromatic erythrocytes in mice were detected.The results showed that:①Disposable plastic tableware extract had a significant effect on the micronucleus of polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrow of mice(P<0.05),and the micronucleus rate increased from 2.80‰to 24.48‰.Among them,the micronucleus rate of disposable plastic cup leaching solution increased significantly(P<0.01),reaching 15.01‰.②The effects of the extracts of disposable plastic cups,disposable plastic bags and disposable plastic foaming lunch boxes on sperm aberration rate of mice increased in turn,which were 5.83%,6.70%and 7.80%respectively,but they did not exceed the teratogenic rate of cyclophosphamide(9.80%,P>0.05).③The DNA tailing rate of mice hepatocytes was significantly increased by disposable plastic tableware extract in each group(P<0.01),and the effect of disposable plastic bag extract on DNA tailing of mice hepatocytes was the greatest(7.20%,P<0.01).This study showed that the disposable extract of plastic tableware had mutagenic effect on mice at 100℃.