基于ArcGIS的多准则地震应急避难所选址规划研究

Planning Multi-criteria Seismic Emergency Shelter Site Based on ArcGIS

地震是极其严重的自然灾害,有可能造成重大伤亡和经济损失。由于城市中人口高度聚集,地震发生时,需将受灾居民快速疏散至应急避难所,因此,应急避难所选址的合理性至关重要。本文提出1种可用于解决选址问题的多准则选址模型,并提出了求解模型的方法。该方法分为3个步骤,首先选择候选应急避难所,其次分析候选避难所的服务范围,最后确定应急避难所的位置。通过案例研究,论证了多准则选址模型在地震应急避难所规划中的有效性。

Earthquakes are extremely serious natural disasters, causing heavy casualties and economic losses. As the population in the city is highly concentrated, it is necessary to evacuate the disaster-affected residents to the emergency shelter once a disaster occurs. Therefore, the rationality of emergency shelter location becomes the focus of research. In this study, a multi-criterion constrained siting model is proposed to solve the siting problem. Then, an iterative method is proposed to solve the model. With the support of Geographical Information System (GIS), this method we developed consists of three steps: selecting candidate shelters, analyzing the space coverage of candidate shelters, and determining the location of the shelters. Finally through case study, the application of the multi-criterion model and the effectiveness of the corresponding solutions in the planning of urban earthquake shelters are demonstrated.