中国企业投资“一带一路”沿线国家的生态环境风险及法律对策研究

Environmental Risks of Outward Investment in BRI Countries and China’s Legal Countermeasures

我国对"一带一路"沿线国家的投资额不断增加,主要集中在环境敏感性行业,对外投资企业面临巨大的生态环境风险。东道国的环境规制风险、企业行为风险、争讼风险构成中企"一带一路"投资所面临生态环境风险的主要类型。东道国环境立法和政策的不确定性、海外投资企业环保责任意识淡薄、我国作为投资者母国监管乏力是"一带一路"对外投资生态环境风险产生的主要原因。针对涉及环境保护的国际法律文件存在的问题,我国与"一带一路"沿线国签订国际条约时应当重新审视环境条款的纳入方式,防止"一般例外"条款被东道国滥用。我国有必要针对海外投资生态环境风险专项立法,专项立法应涵盖环境信息披露义务、环保合规管理、激励机制、"命运共同体"理念等内容。扩大海外投资保险的承保范围,增加环境污染责任险,充分发挥海外投资保险分散投资者环境事故风险的作用。以便利性、成本和多重利益为考量,形成协商、调解、仲裁、诉讼等多元化的国际环境纠纷解决机制。

As Chinese investment in the "Belt and Road" initiative(BRI) countries continues to increase, especially in environmentally sensitive industries, Chinese enterprise are facing great environmental risks. The main risks include host country’s environmental regulation risks, corporate behavior risks, and litigation risks. These risks mainly arise from uncertainty in the host country’s legal and policy framework, Chinese enterprises’ insufficient attention to environmental protection, and inadequate supervision by the home country. To deal with the loopholes in international legal instruments on environmental protection, China should closely examine the environmental clauses when negotiating agreements with BRI countries in order to prevent host countries from abusing the general exception clauses. China needs to enact special legislation on environmental risks for its foreign investment and the bill should cover environmental information disclosure, environmental compliance management, incentive mechanism, and the concept of "community of shared destiny." The coverage of overseas investment insurance should be expanded to include environment pollution liability so as to disperse risks for overseas investors. We should seek to set up international environmental dispute settlement mechanisms on consultation, mediation, arbitration and litigation, taking into account convenience, cost and multiple interests.