中国陆地边境县域旅游竞争力的类型划分及特征分析

The Classification and Characteristics of Border County Tourism Competitiveness in China

中国陆地边境资源类型多样,边境旅游业的发展对优化区域经济结构、改善公共基础设施、促进生态保护、推动国际文化交流等方面具有重要作用。借鉴国内外相关研究,遵从科学性、系统性、可操作性原则,作者从旅游自然环境、旅游资源、区位交通、旅游社会环境、旅游服务设施、边境口岸、旅游集聚、旅游市场等8个方面对中国陆地边境县域的旅游竞争力进行评价,在此基础上应用聚类分析法把134个陆地边境县域的旅游竞争力划分为资源优势型、口岸优势型、区位优势型、集聚优势型、相对均衡型等五种类型,分析了各类型边境县域的旅游发展特征,并提出相应的发展对策。资源优势型边境县域的旅游发展应依托丰富的旅游资源以及政府的推动和引导;口岸优势型边境县域的旅游发展一般由边境贸易带动;区位优势型边境县域具备良好的区位交通条件,城市整体风貌、旅游节庆活动等是吸引游客的关键;集聚优势型边境县域在整个区域旅游发展中起到龙头带动作用,自身旅游产业的发展和提升尤为重要;少数旅游发展水平较高的相对均衡型边境县域旅游发展较为成熟,应逐步带动周边县域旅游发展,大多数旅游发展水平较低的相对均衡型边境县域暂不具备旅游发展的条件。

Tourism in border areas is one of focuses in tourism geography field, which has developed rapidly along with the establishment of border cities and border economic cooperation zones. With the booming development of border tourism in China, the competition among border counties is becoming increasingly fierce. Border county tourism development plays more and more important role in the economic development in border areas.Eight factors are chosen to evaluate the tourism competitiveness of border counties in China. With clustering analysis, border counties could be grouped into five types: resource advantaged, border-port advantaged, location advantaged, agglomeration advantaged and relatively balanced-developed type.This paper concludes that different types of border counties have different tourism development mechanism. Tourism development of resource advantaged counties rely on abundant tourism resources and government guidance and promotion.Tourism development of port advantaged counties often drives by border trade. Location advantaged counties have good location and transportation condition, the whole city style and tourism festival is the key factor to attract tourists. Agglomeration advantaged counties play a leading role in regional tourism development. Relatively balanced-developed counties have relatively mature tourism development, thus stimulating tourism development of surrounding areas.