大湾区九市农民工人口流动与市民化意愿分析

Analysis on Mobility and Citizenry Willingness of Migrant Workers in the Nine Cities of Greater Bay Area

农民工是我国体制转型的特殊产物,改革开放后,农村剩余劳动力的流迁催生了“农民工”的概念。2018年,我国农民工的总量达2.88亿,占全国总人口的20.70%。农民工已成为我国社会的重要组成部分,农民工的市民化将提高户籍人口城镇化率至64.04%。大湾区是我国最发达的城市群,历来都是农民工进城务工的首选之地。本文根据2011年-2017年“流动人口动态监测数据”,对大湾区九市农民工的人口流动情况进行梳理,发现大湾区九市农民工的发展早于全国5年,并且该区域农民工的市民化意愿强烈,但该趋势并不稳固,农民工的返乡倾向明显、城市身份认同程度较差,农民工“虚城市化”与“半城市化”的状态明显。由此,本文从个人、经济、社会三个方面的因素对农民工的市民化意愿进行研究,提出大湾区九市农民工市民化治理的路径,促进市民化意愿保持在较高水平以及农民工的“彻底”市民化。

In China, the migrant workers are a special result of economic system transformation. Since the reform and opening up, the migration of rural surplus labor has spawned the concept of migrant workers. In 2018, the total number of migrant workers in China has reached 288 million, accounting for 20.70% of the country's total population. Migrant workers have become an important part of society.They will increase the urbanization rate of resident population up to 64.04%. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is one of the most developed group cities in China, thus it has always been the first place for migrant workers to be moved into. Based on China Migrants Dynamic Survey data from year 2011 to 2017, this paper sorts out the population movements of migrant workers in the nine cities of the Greater Bay Area, and finds out the development of migrant workers of this area is five years earlier than that of the national. The willingness to be local citizen for migrant workers in this area is strong, but the trend is not stable. The status of “virtual urbanization” and “semi-urbanization” of migrant workers in this area is obvious. On one hand, the migrant workers’ tendency to return home is obvious, on the other hand, the degree of urban citizen identity is poor. Therefore, this paper analyzes the citizenry willingness of migrant workers from three aspects of personal, economic and social factors, and proposes the path of urbanization of migrant workers, promoting the citizenry willingness to maintain a higher level.