餐饮业新生代农民工工资收入的影响因素分析――以黑龙江省为例

Influencing Factors Analysis of Wage of New Generation Migrant Workers in Catering Industries—— Based on Heilongjiang Province Case

餐饮业是市场化程度较高的劳动密集型服务业,基层岗位员工多数都是新生代农民工,其工资收入是新生代农民工、行业和社会的共同关注点。在餐饮业“自主择业、双向选择”型用工/就业的背景下,本文将人力资本因素和心理特征因素统合到劳动力供给因素和劳动力需求因素中,建立工资收入影响因素模型。结合黑龙江省雇佣3人以上的餐饮企业中258位新生代农民工的问卷调查,构建扩展的Mincer工资收入方程,运用Eviews 18.0软件,得出黑龙江省餐饮业新生代农民工高工资收入源于“多劳”和“多能”,即劳动时间、人力资本和心理资本与餐饮业新生代农民工工资收入成正比。借鉴海底捞和木屋烧烤等成功餐饮企业支持“多劳”“多能”新生代农民工向管理层级和都市白领阶层跃升的案例,发现“多劳”“多能”—工资收入提升—餐饮企业绩效提高—人口城市化的连接机理;在实践层面,“多能多得”指向新生代农民工的城市融入和劳资合作共赢。

The catering industry is a labor-intensive service industry with a relatively high degree of marketization. Most of the staff at low level positions are the new generation of migrant workers, and the wage is the common concern of the new generation of migrant workers, the industry and the society. Under the background of "independent employment and two-way choice employment " and the non-organized labor relations dominating the industry, we integrate human capital factors, psychological characteristics factors, labor supply and demand factors, and finally establish the model of influencing factors of wage.Based on the questionnaire survey of 258 new generation migrant workers in catering enterprises which employ above 3 people in Heilongjiang Province, the extended wage equation is constructed. By using Eviews18.0 software, the final conclusion is that the high wage of new generation migrant workers in the catering industry in Heilongjiang Province is caused by "more work" and "higher ability".Namely, work time, human capital and psychological capital are directly proportional to the wage of the new generation of migrant workers in the catering industry. According to the success practice of Haidilao and Muwu BBQ, which have supported the transformation of the new generation of migrant workers with more work and higher ability to the management level and urban white-collar workers,this paper discovered the evolution mechanism of urbanization:"more work " and "higher ability "-increase of wage -increase of performance of catering enterprises.On the practical level,"more pay for more skills "has verified the points of the urban integration of new generation of migrant workers and win-win industrial cooperation.