高寒地区贵南县油菜生育期积温变化特征

The accumulated temperature characteristic of rape at different growth period in alpine region

利用1991-2017年高寒地区贵南县气象局观测的油菜生育期和气象观测资料,采用趋势分析、MK突变分析、变异系数法等对高寒地区油菜各生育期积温变化进行了研究。结果表明,1991-2017年高寒地区贵南县稳定通过0℃-播种期积温、播种-成熟期积温均呈现显著增加的趋势,而油菜出苗-五真叶期积温呈现极显著的增加趋势。高寒贵南县油菜播种-出苗期、抽薹-开花期、五真叶-现蕾期的积温随年际延长均呈不显著减少趋势,而现蕾-抽薹期、开花-成熟期积温随年际的延长呈不显著增加趋势。油菜播种-成熟期和开花-成熟期积温的年际间变化幅度最小,而稳定通过0℃-播种期、现蕾-抽薹期、五真叶-现蕾期、抽薹-开花期、出苗-五真叶期、播种-出苗期积温的年际间变化幅度较大,变异系数在0.27~0.62。突变分析表明,油菜出苗-五真叶期、开花-成熟期、播种-成熟期的积温分别在2003、2001和2004年发生了由少到多的突变。

Based on the growth period and meteorological observation data of spring rape from Guinan meteorological bureau during 1991-2017,the different accumulated temperature changes of different growing periods of rapeseed in the alpine frigid plateau region were studied by adopting the trend analysis method,Mann-Kendall catastrophe analysis method and coefficient of variation method.The results showed that during the growth period of rape in Guinan county in the alpine region from 1991 to 2017,the accumulated temperature from stable through 0 ℃ time to sowing time,and accumulated temperature from sowing period to mature period showed a significant increase trend,while the accumulated temperature from emerging time to five euphylla period showed a very significant increase trend.During the growth period of rape in Guinan county in the alpine region,the accumulated temperature from sowing time to emerging time and from peduncle growth stage to flowing time and from five euphylla time to squaring period all showed no significant decrease trend with the interannual extension,while the accumulated temperature from squaring period to peduncle growth stage and from flowering period to mature period increased no significantly with the interannual extension.The annual variation of the accumulated temperature from sowing to mature period and from flowering to mature period was the smallest,while the accumulated temperature from stable through0 ℃ to sowing period,from squaring period to peduncle growth period,from five euphylla to squaring period,from peduncle growth to flowering period,from emerging to five euphylla period and from sowing to emerging period had a large annual variation,and the coefficient of variation was between 0.27 and 0.62.Mann-Kendall catastrophe analysis showed that the accumulated temperature from emerging to five euphylla period,from flowering to mature stage and from sowing to mature stage showed a abrupt increasing trend in 2003,2001 and 2004,respectively.