江汉平原稻虾综合种养模式经济效益和生态效益分析

The economic effects and ecological effects of the rice-crayfish integrated systems in Jianghan plain

为了解江汉平原地区稻虾综合种养模式的发展现状及存在问题,根据2018年江汉平原稻虾综合种养主要生产地区7个县(市、区)的调查数据,统计分析了稻虾综合种养模式在生产投入、经济效益、化肥及病虫害方面的效应。结果显示,江汉平原稻虾综合种养模式呈"井喷式"发展,规模化程度逐渐加强,近2~3年,各类经营主体数量明显增加;稻虾综合种养模式的成本构成中,土地流转费、种虾(虾苗)购置费、饲料费是主要构成方面,而机收费、挖沟筑埂费、雇工费是次要构成方面;氮肥和磷肥施用量较水稻单作模式明显降低,钾肥和复合肥施用量基本保持不变;稻虾综合种养模式有效地减轻了部分虫害的发生,但部分病害发生率有所提高。总结了稻虾综合种养模式发展的关键问题,旨在为稻虾综合种养模式的可持续发展提供依据。

Based on the survey of rice-crayfish integrated systems from seven town in Jianghan plain in 2018,the current status and its problems of the development in rice-crayfish integrated systems were investigated.The production inputs,economic benefits,fertilizer and the disease and insect pests were analyzed and suggestions for the future development of ricecrayfish integrated systems were provided.Results show that the number of area and organizations are growing rapidly in recent years,especially in nearly three years.The expenses of land circulation,purchasing parental crayfish and formula feed are the mainly part of the total cost in the system,while the expenses of renting reaping machine,digging ditches and employment consist the secondary part of the total cost.Compared with the rice monoculture,the rice-crayfish integrated systems had lower application amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer,while the application amount of potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer remained basically unchanged.Although the occurrence rate of insect pests decreased in rice-crayfish integrated systems compared with the rice monoculture,the occurrence rate of disease in rice increased oppositely.This investigation revealed the key problems in the development of the rice-crayfish integrated system,and provided scientific basis for the sustainable development of this system.