压力性治理、民族身份与城市空间权利:少数民族流动摊贩街头治理的政治逻辑——以上海市为例

PRESSURE GOVERNANCE, ETHNIC IDENTITY AND URBAN SPATIAL RIGHTS: POLITICAL LOGIC OF STREET GOVERNANCE OF ETHNIC MINORITY MOBILE VENDORS: A Case Study of Shanghai

少数民族流动摊贩的街头治理相较于汉族流动摊贩而言存在着特殊的现象,本文试图通过对上海市少数民族流动摊贩的街头治理的实证研究,来揭示其背后的政治逻辑。研究表明,少数民族流动摊贩的街头治理是民族身份、压力性治理复杂作用下,少数民族流动摊贩城市流动设摊空间变化的外在呈现,是少数民族的民族身份的权利效应和城市管理者由于职责压力的变化所生成的"压力性治理"相互作用的结果。在城市管理者职责压力较小的"常压治理"中,城管基于行政裁量权和民族身份的考量,民族身份的权利效应放大,少数民族流动摊贩在城市中拥有更大的设摊权利空间。但是这种权利空间是非持久性和非确定性的,随着城管职责压力不断加大,城管对流动摊贩就会不断加大治理力度,从而形成"高压治理",流动摊贩民族身份的权利效应则会淡化,流动设摊的权利空间就会受到挤压,直至消失。

The study shows that the interesting phenomena of the street governance of minority mobile vendors are the appearances of the spatial change of urban mobile vendors under the complex effect of ethnic identity and pressure governance, and they are the result of the interaction between the right effect of ethnic identity of minorities and the pressure governance generated by the change of urban managers’ responsibility pressures. In the governance of normal level of pressure under which the responsibility pressure of urban managers is less, urban management based on administrative discretion and ethnic identity considerations enlarges the right effect of ethnic identity, and the minority mobile vendors have more space to sell goods in the city. However, this right space is non-durable and uncertain. With the urban managers’ increasing responsibility pressure, the governance of mobile vendors will be strengthened, thus forming a high-pressure governance, and the right effect of the ethnic identity of mobile vendors will be diluted, and the right space of mobile vendors will be squeezed until it disappears.