社会经济地位与儿童同伴侵害:母亲教养与学业成就的链式中介作用

Socioeconomic Status and Child Peer Victimization:Chain Mediating Role of Maternal Parenting and Academic Achievement

探讨同伴侵害的影响因素及其发生机制,对于制定同伴侵害的预防和干预方案具有重要的价值。以1179名儿童为被试,考察家庭社会经济地位与同伴侵害的关系及其机制,结果表明:同伴侵害的发生率为38%~60%,女生关系侵害的发生率高于男生;高家庭社会经济地位增加了母亲的权威教养,权威教养既直接减少同伴侵害,又通过提高学业成就间接减少侵害;另外,高家庭社会经济地位也可直接提高个体的学业成就,进而减少同伴侵害。为此,学校和教师应重点关注学业成就较低的个体,预防同伴侵害;培养学生的社会交往技能,减少同伴侵害;开展家长心育课堂,科学指导教养行为。

Taking 1179 children as subjects,the relationship between family socioeconomic status and peer victimization and its mechanism were investigated. The results showed that the incidence of peer victimization was between 38%~60%,and the incidence of female relationship victimization was higher than that of boys;high family socioeconomic status increases maternal authoritative parenting,the authoritative parenting not only directly reduces the peer victimization,but also reduces the victimization indirectly by improving the academic achievement;in addition,the high family socioeconomic status can directly improve the individual’s academic achievement,thereby reducing peer victimization. To this end,schools and teachers should focus on students with lower academic achievement,prevent peer victimization;develop students’ social interaction skills to reduce peer victimization;conduct parental education classes and scientifically guide parenting behaviors.