有轨电车与乘用车斜向碰撞的安全性及相容性分析

Safety and Compatibility of Oblique Collision between Tram and Car

基于事故统计,模拟了有轨电车和乘用车在平交路口的斜向碰撞,从碰撞变形、乘员生存空间、动力学响应、碰撞能量,以及脱轨安全性等方面对碰撞事故进行了综合分析。研究结果表明:碰撞位置越靠前,碰撞界面力与加速度响应越剧烈,乘用车结构变形模式越不利,相应的乘用车乘员保护和有轨电车脱轨安全性亦越差;有轨电车与乘用车因质量悬殊致使乘用车加速度响应异常剧烈,等效刚度不匹配则导致乘用车受损严重而影响乘员安全;有轨电车与乘用车前端结构不相容是发生“钻碰”和“类爬车”的重要诱因,对有轨电车的脱轨安全性影响较大。

Based on accident statistics, the oblique collision of tram and car at level crossing is simulated, the collision accident is analyzed synthetically from aspects of collision deformation, passenger living space, dynamic response, collision energy and derailment safety.The results show that the more advanced the collision position is, the more severe the collision interface force and the acceleration response will be, causing more disadvantages to the deformation mode of car structure, and the poorer protection for passengers in the car.Because of the great disparity in qualities between tram and car, the acceleration response of the car will be extremely severe, while the equivalent stiffness mismatching will lead to severe car damage and threaten the passenger safety.The front-end structure mismatching of tram and car is considered as the important incentive for the under-running and climbing-over of cars, which has great influence on the derailment safety of tram.