气道平滑肌细胞增殖的分子机制研究进展

Advances in Research on Molecular Mechanisms for Proliferation of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells

哮喘患者气道可出现上皮损伤、胶原沉积、基膜增厚及气道平滑肌增生等气道重构表现,气道重构是哮喘重要的病理特征,其严重程度与哮喘的严重程度密切相关,其中气道平滑肌细胞(ASMCs)是气道的关键结构和效应细胞,在哮喘中起重要作用。ASMCs通过收缩或舒张气道调节气流,并在生长因子、细胞因子、炎症介质以及酶等多种因素的作用下过度增殖,参与气道重构,从而加重哮喘。造成ASMCs增殖的相关分子机制有多种,主要包括钙离子通道途径、促分裂原活化蛋白激酶途径及氧化应激途径等。

Airway remodeling with the manifestations of epithelial damage,collagen deposition,basement membrane thickening and airway smooth muscle hyperplasia may occur in asthmatic patients,which is an important pathological feature of asthma.The severity of airway remodeling is closely related to the severity of asthma.Airway smooth muscle cells(ASMCs) are the key structure and effector cells of airway,and play an important role in asthma.ASMCs regulate airflow by contracting or dilating airways,and can over-proliferate under the action of growth factors,cytokines,inflammatory mediators and enzymes,and participate in airway remodeling,thus aggravating asthma.There are many molecular mechanisms related to ASMCs proliferation,mainly including calcium channel pathway,mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and oxidative stress pathway.