从工夫到工夫论

From Gongfu to the Theory of Gongfu

"工夫"一词原是汉语中的一个普通语汇,魏晋时经由佛教、道教的使用和推广,开始具有一定的义理特性。宋以后的儒家在此基础上,通过大量理论化、系统化的义理阐述,彻底实现了"工夫"概念的义理化。经过宋明理学家精巧的理论建构之后,"工夫"概念升华为关于"工夫"的理论,今日学者习惯称之为"工夫论",并视之为中国哲学的重要特质之一。本文所要探讨的是从"工夫"到"工夫论"的发展历程。相信这对中国哲学的认知和中西哲学的比较将有所裨益。

Gongfu was an ordinary word in Chinese. During the adopting and extending of Buddhism and Taoism in the Wei and Jin Dynasty, the word Gongfu was endowed with some theoretical meanings. After the Song Dynasty, Gongfu was gradually changed into a theoretical concept by Confucianism through a great amount of theoretical and systematic explanations. Through the exquisite theoretical construction by Neo-Confucianists in the Song and Ming Dynasty, the concept of Gongfu was upgraded to the theory of Gongfu, scholars nowadays customarily call it "The theory of Gongfu", meanwhile this theory is taken as one of the most important characteristics of Chinese philosophy. This paper mainly discusses the development from Gongfu to the theory of Gongfu. The research would be meaningful for both the cognition of Chinese philosophy and the comparison between Chinese and Western philosophy.