两汉经律融合视域下“比”的法律意义

The Legal Aspect of "Bi" in the Vision of the Integration of the Law and Classics in the Han Dynasty

"比"含义众多,常见于两汉的法律与经学文献之中。在法律领域当中,它既可以指"比附""比况"等司法技术,又可以指通过这种司法技术所产生的律令系统之中的法律形式。在经学领域当中,它既可以指"类比""比况"的解经方法,又可以用来表示"比类"这种经由评判后产生的类型化事例。实际上,"比"在这两个领域当中的含义是共通的。如果将"比"作为抽象的、具有普遍性的事物来看,那么其作为一种方法与结果无论在解读经典还是在断狱听讼时均可适用,这也成为汉世经律融合的重要印证。

"Bi" has many meanings and is common in laws and classics of the Han Dynasty. In the legal field, it can refer to judicial technologies such as "compliance" and "contrast", and can also refer to the legal form in the legal system generated through such judicial technology. In the field of classics, it can refer to both the "analog" and "comparative" methods of interpretation, and can also be used to represent the "class" case after the evaluation. In fact, the meaning of "Bi" in these two areas is common. If the "Bi" is viewed as an abstract and universal thing, it can be applied as a method and result both in the interpretation of the classics and in the litigation. This has also become an important testimony to the integration of law and classics in the Han Dynasty.