论我国单位犯罪的主体范围及其本质回归

The Subject Scope of Unit Crime and Its Return to Essence

法人犯罪本质上仅是一种观念上的犯罪。法人犯罪成立与否,在于对法人失范行为的管理与惩治模式的选择。比较域外法人犯罪制度,可发现我国单位犯罪制度在惩罚依据、罪责模式、归责原则等基础性问题上存在诸多相互抵牾之处。我国单位犯罪制度在矛盾和混乱之中走上主体扩张道路,但其表面的扩张带来了更多司法失衡问题。我们应在符合刑法体系结构及满足刑法自身逻辑的前提下,以理性主义为思想基调,以法人人格为归责依据,坚持单位与其成员刑事责任相对独立,使得两元主体分别回归本体责任。

Corporate crime is essentially a conceptual crime.The establishment of corporate crime rests with the choices of the management and punishment modes of corporate misconducts.Compared with foreign judicial system for corporate crime, Chinese judicial system for corporate crime contains many conflicts on the basic issues of punishment basis, guilt patterns and imputation principles.In contradictions and confusions, Chinese judicial system has embarked on a road of subject expansion, but the superficial expansion has brought much more judicial misbalances.Under the premise of according with the criminal law system structure and fitting the logic of criminal law, we should take rationalism as ideological keynote, and corporate personality as the basis of imputation.In addition, we should insist on the relative independence of the criminal responsibility of the unit from that of its members in order to make the two main parts return to their ontological responsibilities.