唐五代举、选分途视角中的开元礼科

The Kaiyuanli Test in the Separation of Examination and Selection of Officials in the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties

唐德宗贞元二年(786年),《开元礼》开始列入选举考试科目。设置开元礼科的目的不仅在于选拔行政人才,更具文化传习的意义。在唐代举、选分途的原则下,贞元五年始,应开元礼科的前资官、出身人和无出身的白身分别赴吏部和礼部参加科目选、贡举考试。但在中晚唐选举的实际运作过程中,选举人伪冒身份导致选举程序混乱的问题并没有得到很好的解决。五代时期,包括开元礼科在内的经史“五科”在礼部贡举中地位提升,而吏部科目选中的“五科”却消亡。

In the 2nd year of the reign of Zhenyuan (786 DC), Kaiyuanli(《开元礼》) became one of the subjects of imperial examinations. The intent of Kaiyuanli Test(开元礼举) is not only to select administrative officials, but also to spread ritual culture. From the 5th year of the reign of Zhenyuan (789 DC), based on the principle of separating the examination and selection of officials in the Tang Dynasty, the candidates in Kaiyuanli Test who were former officials or had official qualifications participated in the selection test in the Board of Personnel, and the others with no official qualifications participated in the examination in the Board of Rites. However, the problem that some candidates forged their identities, which resulted in the confusion of the selection process in the mid and late Tang Dynasty, had not been solved properly. In the Five Dynasties, the five tests of classics and history including Kaiyuanli Test developed well in the examinations in the Board of Rites, but disappeared from the selection test in the Board of Personnel.