地方意识与区域政局——以护法运动时期粤军“援闽”之役为例

The Local Identity and Regional Politics: An Observation of Cantonese Army’s War to Aid Fujian during the Constitution Protection Movement

地方意识作为中国近现代史上一种独特的政治文化,不仅在宏观历史进程中持续发挥作用,而且在特定时段里对某个区域的政局发展施加巨大影响。护法运动期间粤军"援闽"的故事,便是一个典型案例。1917年孙中山、陈炯明将前广东省长公署20营亲兵改编为援闽粤军,其间广东政坛乃至民众的"拒桂"情绪对此起到一定推动作用。1918年初粤军开拔至惠、潮、梅等地后,由于饷银不充一度惨淡经营。幸而该地区民众因为乡土观念为之输诚,有效缓和了局势,粤军借机在当地获得必要的经费支持。粤军开始攻闽后,福建民众的"自治"诉求悄然改变了闽南局势。在"闽人治闽"口号鼓动下,福建民军配合粤军取得了战役的胜利。各种地方意识在此间释放出的社会、政治能量,和其他因素一道左右了援闽之役前后粤、闽政局的走向。

As a unique political culture in the modern China,the local identity did not only play a significant role in the history at the macro level,but also had great influence on the politics of some regions in a specific period. Cantonese Army’s War to Aid Fujian during the Constitutional Protection Movement was a typical instance. In the Cantonese opposition to Guangxi clique,Sun Yat-sen and Chen Jiongming succeeded in controlling the safeguards of the former Cantonese governor, Zhu Qinglan, and then reorganized them into a new army-the Cantonese Army in 1917. Cantonese Army entered Huizhou,Chaozhou,Meizhou in 1918,and had a hard time due to a financial crisis. Funded by local people of those places,Cantonese Army was kept from collapsing. Cantonese Army activated Fujian people to fight against the northern clique while attacking those troops in the South Fujian. Stimulated by the slogan of Fujian governed by Fujian People,Fujian militia helped the Cantonese Army win the War to Aid Fujian. The local identity,along with other factors,dictated the future of the regional politics of Guangdong and Fujian in that period.