《说儒》中“文士”、“法利赛人”之隐喻及多重意涵

“Scribe”and“Pharisee”as Metaphors and Their Multiple Meanings in Hu Shi’s Shuo Ru

胡适《说儒》一文除探寻儒之起源外,亦渗透着强烈的思想性和现实关怀。其参照基督教创教史建构孔子为“儒教教主”时涉及的“文士”、“法利赛人”有隐喻学院派学者之意,并借此揭示出知识人、学者的追求与百姓愿望之间的差距,其目的是弥合彼此之间的鸿沟,以便在民族危机之时建立起中国社会和文化的重心。从篇尾以理性解构自己建构的“教主”形象可知,胡适在此问题上亦充满困惑。但《说儒》提出的儒家及其思想与民间社会、普通百姓疏离和沟通的问题,仍值得进一步思考。

Aside from exploring the origin of Confucianism,Hu Shi's Shuo Ru contains strong theoretical consciousness and worldly concern.In reference to Christian history,Hu Shi regarded Confucius as a master of Confucianism,while the “Scribe” and “Pharisee” were metaphors for academic scholars.By doing so,he revealed the disparity between the pursuit of the intellectuals and scholars and the desire of the ordinary people.Hu Shi' s goal was to bridge the gap between the two groups so as to establish the center of gravity of Chinese society and culture during times of national crisis.By the end of the article,Hu Shi deconstructed Confucius's image as the “master” with rationality that he himself constructed,because he could not offer a satisfactory solution.Therefore,the separation as lack of communication between Confucian scholars and ordinary people demand further studies.