衔接生物燃料产销的有效机制——RINs码

An effective mechanism connecting the production and marketing of biofuels——RINs

在概述国内外燃料乙醇的发展历程、总结经验的基础上指出,实施可再生燃料识别码(RINs)对美国燃料乙醇的广泛推广、实现燃料的部分替代、温室气体排放的降低和农村经济的发展起到了关键作用。文章介绍了RINs码的构成、实施历程与现状,逐一介绍其关键环节及实施效果。作为美国可再生燃料标准(RFS)管理机制中的核心内容,RINs码贯穿了可再生燃料从生产至销售全产业链的各个环节。作为宏观调控和经济激励的手段,RINs码可独立形成自由市场,从而引导可再生燃料的发展方向,促进其在燃料市场中份额增长,为可再生燃料产业的发展创造了强大动力。文章试图从政策和市场两方面对RINs码制度进行剖析,进而简要总结其可借鉴之处,并提出了促进我国生物燃料乙醇产业发展的建议:研究制定有利于燃料乙醇全产业链融合发展的配套政策;引导燃料乙醇价格逐步市场化,利用政策杠杆调节供需关系、刺激消费;建立公开透明的监管系统,确保政策落实。

Based on the history of fuel ethanol domestic and abroad, as well as the experiences gathered during the industry process, it is pointed out, that the implementation of RINs(Renewable Identification Numbers) is key to the widely use of fuel ethanol in the United States, thus to achieve partial substitution of fuels, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and further development of rural areas. The make-up of RINs, its implementation pathway and status in quo were introduced. The crucial points and effects of RINs were described. As the core content of the management mechanism of renewable fuels standard(RFS) in the United States, the RINs runs through the whole industrial chain of renewable fuels from production to marketing. As an approach for both macro-control and economic incentives, RINs can independently form open market, thus guiding the development direction of renewable fuels and promoting the growth of their share in the fuel market, creating a strong impetus for the development of renewable fuel industry. The study tried to analyze the RINs system from both aspects of policy and market, thus to summarize what practices are worth learning, and put forward suggestions for promoting the development of fuel ethanol industry in China. Suggestions include setting support policies conducive to the integration and development of the entire fuel ethanol industry chain;guiding the gradual marketization of fuel ethanol prices, and using policy levers to adjust the relations between supply and demand and thus stimulate consumption;establishing an open and transparent supervision system to ensure the implementation of the policies.