中空纳米材料功能化及在催化反应中的应用

Application of functionalization of hollow nanomaterials in catalytic reactions

近年来,中空纳米材料以其独特的结构和优异的性能,在许多学科研究中引起了广泛的关注。中空纳米结构具有高的比表面积、明确的活性中心、有限的孔隙空间和可调的传质速率,可在光催化、电催化、均相、非均相等多种催化反应中作为催化剂、载体和反应器。基于最先进的合成方法和表征技术,研究者们致力于中空纳米材料有目的功能化,以用于研究催化机理和复杂的催化反应。本文综述了如何构筑纳米反应器以实现更高活性和选择性的催化反应。尤其是关于中空纳米材料的表面功能化策略,具体包括形貌和组成改性、包封、多壳层构筑、单原子位点设计、表面分子工程化等五大部分,为中空纳米材料功能化变为有效催化剂的合理设计和开发提供了理想的模型。

In recent years, hollow nanomaterials have attracted much attention in many fields due to their unique structures and excellent properties. Owing to the high specific surface area, well-defined active site, delimited void space and tunable mass transfer rate, hollow nanostructures can serve as excellent catalysts, supports and reactors for a variety of catalytic applications, including photocatalysis,electrocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, homogeneous catalysis, etc. Based on the most advanced synthesis methods and characterization techniques, researchers focused on the purposeful functionalization of hollow nanomaterials for catalytic mechanism studies and intricatecatalytic reactions.This paper reviewed how to build nano reactors to achieve more active and selective catalytic reactions.Especially for the surface functionalization strategy of hollow nanomaterials, including morphology and composition modification, encapsulation, multi-shell construction, single-atom site design, surface molecular engineering and so on, it provides an ideal model for the rational design and development of hollow nanomaterials functionalization into effective catalysts.