核壳型磁性荧光纳米复合材料的制备及其应用研究进展

Progress in preparation and application of core-shell structure nanocomposites with magnetism and fluorescence

核壳型磁性荧光纳米复合材料是材料领域的研究热点之一,该材料呈现了单一材料无法同时兼有的磁响应性及荧光特性,因此被广泛地应用于生物医疗领域,提高了疾病诊断的效率和准确率,改进了癌症治疗技术。本文简单介绍了具有核壳结构的磁性荧光纳米复合粒子的4种形成机理、一些比较常用的制备方法及其各自的优缺点;重点介绍了纳米复合粒子的表面修饰方法,主要包括表面钝化及表面功能化两大类;对核壳结构磁性荧光纳米复合材料在多模态分子影像、药物的靶向运输与可控释放、癌症的热疗法及光动力疗法等方面的应用作了阐述。最后展望了核壳型磁性荧光纳米复合材料未来的发展趋势,并针对研究过程中所存在的关键问题,提出了今后进一步研究的主要方向为寻找多功能材料的最佳组合及组装方式、优化整合表面修饰剂的性能和明确材料在体内的毒性及代谢情况等。

Core-shell structured nanocomposites with magnetic and fluorescent properties are one of the research hotspots in the field of materials. The nanocomposites has not only magnetic responsiveness but also fluorescence, presenting characteristics that cannot be simultaneously achieved by a single material.Therefore, they have been widely used in the field of biological medicine and have improved the efficiency and accuracy of disease diagnosis to elevate the techniques of cancer treatment. This paper briefly introduced the four formation mechanisms of core-shell structured nanocomposites with magnetism and fluorescence and a few commonly used preparation methods. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods were analyzed respectively. The surface modification methods(surface passivation and surface functionalization) of nanoparticles were mainly introduced. Moreover, the application of core-shell magnetic and fluorescent nanocomposites in multimodal molecular imaging, targeted transport and controlled release of drugs, thermal therapy and photodynamic therapy for cancer were expounded.Finally, the developing trend of core-shell structured nanocomposites with magnetic and fluorescent was prospected. According to the main problems in the current research, the main research direction in the future was pointed out: finding the best combination and assembly method for multifunctional materials,optimizing and integrating the properties of surface modifier, identifying the toxicity and metabolism of materials in the body, etc.