促进儿童步行与骑车通学:欧美安全上学路计划的成功经验与启示

Promoting Children’s Walking and Cycling to School: Enlightenment from Safe Routes to School Program in Euramerican Cities

通学出行的机动化减少儿童的体力活动,影响了儿童健康生活方式的养成,并引发了学区交通拥堵、家长接送等一系列城市交通与社会问题,引起公共健康、城市规划等领域的关注,出现以政策干预改变机动化的通学趋势。欧美地区在19世纪80年代开始实施的安全上学路计划(SRTS),从工程、教育、鼓励、强制与评价5个方面提升交通环境安全性,促进儿童步行与骑车通学,取得较好的成效,得到社会的广泛认同与推广。对安全上学路计划的发展、政策内容及其对儿童步行与骑车通学行为的影响进行总结,以期对国内儿童友好城市的建设与通学环境的改善提供借鉴与启示。

The motorization of school travel reduces children's physical activities,affects children's healthy lifestyle,and causes a series of urban traffic and social problems such as traffic congestion in school districts and parents' transportation.It attracts attention in the fields of public health and urban planning and changes the general trend of motorization through policy intervention.The Safe Routes to School program (SRTS) in Euramerican Cities,which started in the 1980s,have achieved good results and have been widely recognized and promoted in five aspects: engineering,education,encouragement,enforcement and evaluation to improve traf fic environment safety and promote children's walking and cycling.This article summarizes the development,policy content and its in fluence on children's walking and cycling to school,hoping to provide experience and inspiration for the construction of child- friendly cities in China and the improvement of general school travel environment.