国际能源双边及多边机制的再辨析

Re-analysis of Bilateral and Multilateral International Energy Mechanism

国际社会围绕能源议题塑造了各种形态的国际能源机制,但国际关系学界出现了“机制无效论”,认为现有机制普遍缺乏实效。笔者认为机制无效论未能真实反映目前的合作现况,也未能认识到国际能源机制的多样性。根据本文研究,在类型上,国际能源机制既可分为双边、多边机制,也可根据功能定位分为政策型、技术型和项目型。双边机制具有较高效率和灵活性,但也具有突出的脆弱性和可逆性。多边机制能帮助应对系统性挑战,促成大规模合作,但也常面临集体行动困境和霸权影响。我国应扬长避短、分类施策,有目标、有重点、有效率地开展机制化合作。

The international community has established various forms of international energy mechanisms.However, there has been a "mechanism invalidation theory", i.e., the existing mechanisms generally lack in effectiveness.The authors believe that such theory does not truly reflect the facts and also fails to recognize the diversity of international energy mechanisms.According to this study, the international energy mechanism can be divided into bilateral and multilateral types, and also can be divided into policy, technology and project types based on functional orientation.Bilateral mechanisms are more efficient and flexible, but also have obvious vulnerabilities and reversibility.Multilateral mechanisms can help address systemic challenges and promote large-scale cooperation, but often face collective action dilemmas and hegemonic influences.China should foster strengths, circumvent weaknesses, and carry out institutionalized cooperation with clear objectives, emphasis and efficiency.