道路交通拥挤下的博弈分析

Game Analysis of Road Traffic Congestion

近年来,城市交通供需矛盾日益突出,针对交通供需严重不平衡的现实问题,文章在基于政策性的交通需求管理上,采取了优先发展和经济杠杆两大策略。在优先发展优惠公交的策略中,研究了政府、公交企业及乘车者之间的博弈过程,得出政府的保障管制、公交企业的努力及乘车者的监督参与十分重要。在经济杠杆的策略中,研究了出行者与出行者之间、出行者和交通管理者之间的双重博弈,得出通过对私家车收取适当的交通拥挤费并用来补贴公交,可从交通源上影响出行行为,从而改变交通结构,缓解拥堵。

In recent years,the contradiction between urban traffic supply and demand has become increasingly prominent.In view of the serious imbalance between supply and demand with its practical problems,there are two strategies proposed based on the policy of Transportation Demand Management (TDM),one is the priority development strategy and the other is the economic leverage strategy.In the strategy of prioritizing the development of preferential public transport,the paper studies the game process between the government,bus enterprises and passengers,and draw the conclusion that the government's safeguard regulation,bus enterprises' efforts and passengers' supervision and participation are very important.In the strategy of economic leverage,the double game between passengers,passengers and traffic managers is studied,and concludes that by charging appropriate congestion fees for private cars and using them to subsidize public transportation,the traffic behavior will be influenced from the traffic source,thus the traffic structure will be changed and congestion will be alleviated.