继承与超越:马克思人本观解析——基于对费尔巴哈“人本主义的唯物主义”的批判

Inheritance and Transcendence-Analysis of Marxism Humanism——Based on the Criticism of Feuerbach’s Humanistic Materialism

马克思人本观是马克思哲学体系最重要的组成部分,是马克思在继承费尔巴哈的"人本主义的唯物主义"基础上,又批判了费尔巴哈人本学在历史观上的唯心主义倾向。立足于"人类社会或社会化的人类",马克思人本观具有三种不同层次的逻辑内涵,以批判性为根本方法,构建了根植于人类现实社会的现实人本学;以超越性为主要目的,关注处于社会关系中的人及其劳动异化状态;以实践性为根本特征,赋予了现实的人本学以改变世界为宗旨的真正意义。这三部分共同构成了马克思人本观的基本内涵,体现了马克思人本观具有合乎人类历史发展的规律性和目的性的内在逻辑。

Marx’s humanism theory is one the most important components of his philosophy system.On the one hand,it had inherited Feuerbach’s"humanistic materialism",on the other hand,it had also criticized Feuerbach’s idealism tendency in his conception of history.Marx’s humanism theory is based on the concept of"human society"or"the socialized human",which has connotations of three different levels:taking criticism as the fundamental method,thus constructing the realistic humanism theory rooted in the reality of human society;taking transcendence as the main purpose and giving priority to the people in social relations and their alienation in labor;taking practicality as the basic feature,thus endowing the realistic humanism theory with a purpose of changing the world.These three parts jointly constitute the basic connotation of Marx’s humanism theory and reflect that Marx’s humanism theory conforms to the law and purpose of human history.