不同奶量乳母营养状况的分析及对新生儿发育情况的影响

Nutritional Status of Different Milk Mothers and Its Influence on Neonatal Development

目的:不同奶量乳母营养状况的分析及对新生儿发育情况的影响。方法:选取青岛城阳人民医院妇产科2017年9月—2018年9月随机筛选的240名乳母进行观察,根据奶量情况将140名奶量充足的乳母分为奶量充足组,100名奶量不足的乳母分为奶量不足组。通过3d膳食记录法对所有乳母进行膳食调查,比较两组乳母的各类营养摄入情况、血液生化指标;观察新生儿神经发育[生理发育量表(PDI评分)、智能量表(MDI评分)]、体格发育(体重增长速率、头围增长速率、身高增长速率)、免疫系统情况。结果:奶量充足组乳母各类营养摄入量、甘油三脂、血清葡萄糖水平均高于奶量不足组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。奶量充足组新生儿的MDI评分、PDI评分、体重增长速率、头围增长速率、身高增长速率均高于奶量不足组,且胃肠道及呼吸系统感染发生率更低,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:奶量充足的乳母的维生素A、脂肪、热能等各类营养摄入量大,满足新生儿的营养需求,能够促进新生儿体格及神经功能发育,增强免疫功能,降低感染发生率。

【Objective】To analyze the nutritional status of different milk mothers and their effects on neonatal development.【Method】A total of 240 lactating mothers randomly selected from September 2017 to September 2018,were enrolled in the department of obstetrics and gynecology.According to the milk volume,140 breast milk-rich mothers were divided into a sufficient milk group and 100 milk shortages.The lactating mother was divided into a group with insufficient milk.All the lactating mothers were surveyed by three-day dietary record method to compare the nutritional intake and blood biochemical indexes of the two groups of lactating mothers.The neonatal neurodevelopment[physiological development scale(PDI score),smart scale(MDI score)],physical development(weight growth rate,head circumference growth rate,height growth rate),immune system were observed.【Result】The nutritional intake,triglyceride and serum glucose levels of the lactating mothers were higher than those of the milk deficiency group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The children s MDI score,PDI score,weight gain rate,head circumference growth rate,height growth rate in milk sufficient group were higher than the milk deficiency group,and the incidence of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections was lower,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).【Conclusion】The milk with sufficient milk has a large intake of vitamin A,fat and heat,which can meet the nutritional needs of newborns.It can promote the development of neonatal physical and neurological functions,enhance immune function and reduce the incidence of infection.