‘夏黑’葡萄花色苷定性检测及组成成分分析

Qualitative Detection and Composition Analysis of Anthocyanins from ’Summer Black’ Grape

为研究‘夏黑’葡萄花色苷的组成成分特点,以‘夏黑’葡萄皮为检测试材,以甲酸水溶液提取花色苷,利用高效液相色谱+飞行时间质谱和液质联用仪(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)对‘夏黑’葡萄未知花色苷的种类与含量进行测定。结果表明,‘夏黑’葡萄成熟期果皮中检测到10种不同结构的花色苷,其糖苷主要以葡糖苷为主,但也存在鼠李糖苷、二葡糖苷。10种花色苷中有3种以锦葵色素为糖苷配基,有2种以芍药素为糖苷配基,有2种以飞燕草色素配基。其中锦葵色素-3-葡萄糖苷在总的花色苷含量中比例最大,为29%,其次是锦葵色素-3-(6-香豆基)-5-葡萄糖苷,所含比例为26%,芍药素-3-葡萄糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷第3位,为17%,飞燕草色素-3-葡糖苷第4位,为10%,锦葵素-3-葡萄糖苷-5-葡萄糖苷第5位,为9%。可见,‘夏黑’葡萄含有花色苷资源相当丰富,自然界中常见的6种基本花色苷,‘夏黑’葡萄占有3种。

To study the composition of anthocyanins from‘Summer Black’grape, we determine the type and content of anthocyanins unknown in‘Summer Black’grape, which are extracted with aqueous solution of formic acid from the peel, and conduct the analysis by high performance liquid chromatography, time of flight mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The results show that there are 10 kinds of anthocyanins with different structures detected in the peel of maturing‘Summer Black’grape, the main glucosides are glucosides, but rhamnoside and diglucoside also exist. Among the 10 kinds of anthocyanins, 3 kinds of agar pigments are aglucone, 2 kinds of peoniflorin are aglycone, and 2 kinds are delphinidin. Among them, malvaceone-3-glucoside has the largest proportion of the total anthocyanin content,which is 29%, followed by malvidin-3-(6-coumaroyl)-5-glucoside with a proportion of 26%, peonidin-3-glucoside-5-glucoside accounts for 17%, delphinidin-3-glucoside is 10%, malolaose-3-glucoside-glycoside is 9%. Therefore,‘Summer Black’grape has rich anthocyanin resource, and occupies three of the six kinds of basic anthocyanins in nature.