基于GF-2数据结合多纹理特征的塑料大棚识别

Plastic greenhouse recognition based on GF-2 data and multi-texture features

塑料大棚在全球范围的大量使用带来经济效益,同时也引发了很多环境问题,及时准确的塑料大棚空间分布信息是农业生产和土壤治理决策的重要依据。塑料大棚的使用改变了土壤表面的光谱特性和空间结构,塑料薄膜材质的特殊性,使其反射光谱具有强烈的方向性和不确定性,因而仅依靠地物反射光谱特征难以准确识别塑料大棚。本文以GF-2影像作为单一数据源,针对塑料大棚特有的空间分布细节信息,分析不同纹理提取算法对塑料大棚识别的适用性。结果表明:1)纹理能有效提高基于遥感影像的塑料大棚识别精度;2)使用单一纹理算法识别不同空间分布结构塑料大棚的分类方案中,采用LBP (local binary pattern)纹理算法的塑料大棚识别精度均优于GLCM (gray-level co-occurrence matrix)、PSI (pixel shape index)纹理算法,其中研究区A基于LBP纹理特征的塑料大棚识别总体精度为96.85%,Kappa系数为0.95,研究区B的总体识别精度为95.58%,Kappa系数为0.94;3)本文使用3种不同的纹理特征组合分类方案,均能提高塑料大棚的识别精度,但不同纹理特征组合算法运用到空间结构差异较大的2个区域时表现不同。加入GLCM的纹理特征组合能提高分布范围较大且聚集度高的塑料大棚识别精度(研究区A塑料大棚斑块平均面积为3.39 hm2,聚集度指数为80.64),对于塑料大棚使用面积小且分布破碎的区域识别精度提升效果不明显(研究区B塑料大棚斑块平均面积为1.37hm2,聚集度指数为72.98)。本试验结果中研究区A的地物光谱特征、NDVI和3种纹理特征组合的大棚识别精度最高,总体识别精度和Kappa系数分别达到了98.13%和0.97,研究区B的地物光谱特征、NDVI、PSI和LBP纹理特征组合识别精度最高(总体精度为96.13%,Kappa系数为0.95)。基于影像对象的多纹理特征能够实现塑料大棚的精细识别,该方法对塑料大棚空间分布精确制图具有重要意义。

The wide use of plastic greenhouses in the word has brought economic benefits, but also caused many environmental problems. Accurate and timely acquisition of spatial distribution information of plastic greenhouse is of great significance to agricultural production and soil management. The use of plastic greenhouse has changed the structure of soil, thus changing the surface spectral characteristics of the soil. Because of the particularity of the plastic film material, the reflection spectrum has strong directionality and uncertainty, so it is difficult to identify plastic greenhouse accurately only depending on the reflectance spectrum characteristics of ground objects. In this paper, Kunming City, Yunnan Province is taken as the research area, using GF-2 image as a single data source, the multi-scale segmentation method is used to obtain the image object efficiently and accurately. According to the detailed spatial information of plastic greenhouse, the applicability of three image object-based texture extraction algorithms, namely GLCM(gray-level co-occurrence matrix), LBP(local binary pattern) and PSI(pixel shape index) for plastic greenhouse identification is analysed and tested. In addition, different texture features are combined with spectral features and NDVI index to form different classification schemes, to explore which one would be the best combination of texture features for identification of plastic greenhouses. In order to explore the robustness of the method, different texture feature combination schemes are applied in the study areas. The results of SVM(support vector machine) classifier are evaluated by confusion matrix. The results show that the overall combination schemes of the two research areas with different landscape patterns have the same trend. The combination of spectral features and NDVI index can accurately identify the scattered waters in each of the two study areas. For plastic greenhouses and impervious surfaces with similar reflectance spectra, adding texture features can make up for limitation of spectral characteristics and improve the overall accuracy. The phenomena of homologous or homologous spectra in spectral features of high spatial resolution image can effectively improve the discrimination between plastic greenhouse and impervious surface. Texture features can significantly improve the identification accuracy of plastic greenhouse following the object-based image classification frame. In the classification scheme of plastic greenhouses with different spatial distribution structures, the LBP(local binary pattern) texture algorithm has the best recognition accuracy, the overall accuracy of study area A is 96.85%, Kappa coefficient is 0.95, and that of study area B is 95.58% and 0.94. Landscape fragment analysis(landscape fragmentation index area mean index, aggregation indices) of the two different study areas showed that the plastic greenhouses in study area A are more fragmented than study area B(area mean indices are 3.39 hm2 and 1.37 hm2, aggregation indices are 80.64 and 72.98 for plastic greenhouses in study area A and B, respectively). The results of fragmentation are consistent with those of classification, and the accuracy of landscape classification with more space fragments is lower(the highest overall classification accuracy for study area A and B are 98.13% and 96.13%, respectively, the PA(producer accuracy) and UA(user accuracy) are 96.47% and 97.93% for study area A, and 90.67%, 99.68% for study area B). The results show that texture features based on image objects can improve the recognition accuracy of small-scale plastic greenhouse. This is of great significance to the accurate mapping of the distribution of plastic greenhouses.