海昏侯刘贺墓园五号墓初探

On the No.5 Tomb of Haihun Marquis Mausolean

南昌西汉海昏侯刘贺墓考古成果近些年颇为学界关注。五号墓最新考古成果公布,再次为海昏侯墓园考古添以浓笔重彩,值得重视。五号墓墓主确认为刘贺长子刘充国,这一确认不止对刘充国,也是关于刘贺及其刘贺墓园许多特性的有力证据。它的特殊地位与丰富内容也带出一系列相当重要的研究课题,包括一些仅见资料及其涉及的礼制问题等,有独特的认识价值和学术意义。其墓葬的几个重要礼制问题,涉及到刘贺墓独特的祔葬,祔葬的尊卑次序,祔葬与殇葬,刘贺父子丧葬礼仪发现与“葬先轻后重”“祭先重后轻”,祔葬墓设祠以及五号墓随葬等等。其认识价值或独特,或具多重性,意义多不寻常。笔者对其作了初步的辨析认识考证诠释,期藉以尽可能贴近地了解该墓葬丧葬礼仪内涵,也对有汉一代礼仪推行尤其对刘贺昌邑集团礼仪追求和实践能有所感受认识。

Archaeological achievements on LIU He Tomb of Haihun Marquis Mausolean in the West Han Dynasty in Nanchang have been paid attention to by academic circles in recent years.The latest archaeological results of NO.5Tomb have been released,which adds a heavy amount of color to the archaeology of Haihun Marquis Mausolean once again,and deserves our attention.The confirmation that the occupant of the No.5 is LIU Chongguo has provided many efficient evidences to approve LIU Chongguo himself,as well as LIU He and his Mausolean’s characteristics.The special position and the rich content of his Mausolean bring about a series of topics of significance,including the rarely seen data and the etiquette issues involved,which has unique cognitive value and academic significance.Based on a brief discussion of the fundamental shapes of tombs,this article selected several important etiquette issues to be explored and analyzed,involving the unique burial of LIU He’s tomb,the order of honor and inferiority of burial,burial and mourning,the discovery of funeral rites of LIU He’s father and son,the priority of burial,the priority of sacrifice,the setting of ancestral halls and the funerary objects of Tomb No.5,and so on.Its cognitive value is either unique or multiple,and its significance is unusual.The author makes a preliminary analysis of them,which can increase our understanding about the funeral etiquette connotation and the etiquette pursuit and practice of LIU He group.