1E^e染色体对小麦农艺和品质性状的影响研究

Effects of Thinopyrum elongatum Chromosome 1E^e on Wheat Agronomical and Quality Related Traits

二倍体长穗偃麦草含有抗条锈病、抗赤霉病和耐盐碱等优异基因,是小麦遗传改良的重要基因源之一。为明确1E^e染色体片段对小麦农艺和品质性状的影响,利用1E^e(1A)代换系和中国春为试验材料,多年多点鉴定,农艺性状分析结果表明,1E^e取代1A染色体,不仅降低了旗叶长度和旗叶宽度等农艺性状,而且降低了粒长、粒宽、穗粒数、小穗数和千粒重等产量相关性状,但显著增加了穗长。品质相关性状分析结果表明,1E^e染色体可以显著增加面团最大峰值高度和8分钟带宽,但对蛋白质含量、SDS沉降值、湿面筋含量、面筋指数和峰值高度时间等5个指标上没有显著影响。另外,本研究开发了17个1E^e染色体特异分子标记。总之,1E^e染色体可提高小麦品质,但对产量相关性状有不利影响,本研究开发的分子标记对于进一步打破连锁累赘,创制小麦-长穗偃麦草Glu-Ee1短片段易位系具有重要意义。

Thinopyrum elongatum(Host)D.R.Dewey as one of relatives of wheat,harboring genes resistance to strip rust and Fusarium head blight and tolerance to salinity for wheat improvement,could be used for wheat genetic improvement.To understand the effects of chromosome 1E^e on wheat agronomical and qualityrelated traits,wheat-Th.elongatum(Host)D.R.Dewey chromosome disomic substitution line 1E^e(1 A)from common wheat cultivar Chinese spring was analyzed in multiple environments.In relative to the Chinese Spring,the substitution line showed the reduction of the length and width of wheat flag leaf,the length and width of kernels,no.of spikelets per spike,no.of kernels per spike and thousand kernel weight.However,the length of spikes(P<0.05)was significantly increased.Regarding to the quality-related traits,the substitution line displayed the increases of the dough max peak height and band width of 8 min,but no differences of the grain protein content,SDS sedimentation,wet gluten content,gluten index and peak height time were observed.In addition,17 COS markers specific to chromosome 1E^e were developed in this study.All in all,chromosome 1E^e can improve wheat grain quality traits,but it has negative effects on yield related traits.And the developed markers specific for chromosome 1E^e might be used for developing wheat-Thinopyrum chromosome short segment lines carrying GluEe1 by reducing the chromosomal linkage drag.