高垄内嵌式栽培基质组成对草莓生长、产量和品质的影响

Effects of Matrix Composition Inserted in the Raised Bed on Growth,Yield and Quality of Sweet Charlie Strawberry

以草莓品种"甜查理"为试材,河沙、草炭、甘草渣、牛粪为无土栽培基质原料,设计了高垄内嵌式基质栽培的基质组成处理,处理Ⅰ为草炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=6∶1∶1(CK);处理Ⅱ为河沙∶草炭∶牛粪=6∶1∶1;处理Ⅲ为河沙∶甘草渣∶牛粪=6∶1∶1;处理Ⅳ为河沙∶甘草渣∶牛粪=12∶1∶1。通过在日光温室的试验,记录草莓的光合特性、生长指标、品质和产量等指标,综合分析得出最优的基质组成,旨在筛选适合新疆当地效益好、成本低的草莓无土栽培基质配方。结果表明:处理Ⅲ草莓的光合特性最好叶面积生长最快,处理Ⅰ、Ⅲ的茎粗最大株高最优;处理Ⅲ的草莓果实产量最高,品质较好。综合分析处理Ⅲ基质组成表现最优,可以作为新疆设施高垄内嵌式基质草莓栽培的基质组成配方。

Strawberry variety’Sweet Charlie’was used as plant material,river sand,peat,licorice residue,cow dung were sued as soilless culture substrate materials,the high-ridged and substrate-embedded cultivation of the substrate processing were designed,respectively,treatment ofⅠas peat∶vermiculite∶perlite=6∶1∶1(CK);treatmentⅡfor river sand∶peat∶cow dung=6∶1∶1;treatmentⅢfor river sand∶licorice residue∶cow dung=6∶1∶1;treatmentⅣfor river sand∶licorice residue∶cow dung=12∶1∶1.Through field experiment in solar greenhouse,the indexes of photosynthetic characteristics,growth index,quality and yield of strawberry were measured,and the optimum matrix composition was obtained by comprehensive analysis,aiming at screening the medium formula of strawberry soilless culture suitable for local benefit and low cost in Xinjiang.The results showed that the photosynthetic characteristics of the treatedⅢstrawberry were the best in the leaf area,and theⅠandⅢwere the highest.The fruit yield of strawberry treatedⅢwas the highest and the quality was good.The comprehensive analysis and treatment of theⅢmatrix composition was the best,and could be used as the matrix composition of the high-ridged and substrate-embedded cultivation strawberry in the Xinjiang facility.