机采茶园有机替代技术对土壤肥力和茶叶产量品质的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizers Replaced by Organic Manure on Soil Fertility,Tea Yield and Quality in Machine-Picked Tea Garden

研究不同有机替代施肥技术对机采茶园土壤肥力、茶叶产量构成因素及茶叶品质的影响。试验包括6个处理,分别为不施肥对照(CK)、常规施肥对照(CF)、有机肥替代25%氮(T1)、有机肥替代25%氮+配方肥(T2)、有机肥替代25%氮+酸化改良剂(T3)、有机肥替代25%氮+生物质炭(T4),每组处理3次重复,随机排列。结果表明,不同有机替代施肥技术均能阻控茶园土壤酸化,显著提高土壤有机质含量,增加土壤有效养分,其中以有机肥替代25%氮+生物质炭对土壤综合养分提升效果最佳。在机采茶园增产提质方面,不同有机替代技术均显著提升茶叶产量和品质,以有机肥替代25%氮+生物质炭茶叶产量最高,达746.28kg/hm^2。茶叶成分上,水浸出物、茶多酚和氨基酸的含量表现为T4>T3>T2>T1>CF>CK,其中T4处理茶多酚和氨基酸含量比CK处理分别增加27.0%、31.3%。综合分析认为,有机肥替代25%氮+生物质炭是适用于机采茶园较好的有机替代施肥模式。

To study the effects of different replacing techniques of chemical fertilizers by organic manure on soil fertility,tea yield and quality in machine-picked tea garden,six treatments were set as blank control(CK);conventional fertilization control(CF);replacing 25%nitrogen fertilizer by organic manure(T1);replacing 25%nitrogen fertilizer by organic manure+formula fertilizer(T2);replacing 25%nitrogen fertilizer by organic manure+acidification improver(T3);replacing 25%nitrogen fertilizer by organic manure+biomass charcoal(T4).Results showed that different replacing techniques of chemical fertilizers by organic manure could control the acidification of tea garden soil,significantly increase soil organic matter content and soil available nutrients.Among them,25%nitrogen fertilizer replaced by organic manure+biomass charcoal showed the best effect on soil comprehensive nutrients.On increasing yield and quality,different techniques significantly improved the yield and quality of tea.The highest yield was achieved in the treatment of 25%nitrogen fertilizer replaced by organic manure+biomass charcoal,reaching 746.28 kg/hm^2.On tea quality,the contents of extractions,tea-polyphenols and amino acids were in the order of T4>T3>T2>T1>CF>CK,and the contents of tea-polyphenols and amino acids in T4 increased by 27.0%and 31.3%,respectively.Therefore,25%nitrogen fertilizer replaced by organic manure+biomass charcoal can be a better mode of chemical fertilizer replaced by organic manure for machine-picked tea garden.