云南茶树品种与肯尼亚茶树品种的红碎茶品质成分比较研究

Broken Black Tea Varieties from Yunnan and Kenya: A Comparison Study on Quality Components

为探明在同一栽培环境条件下,云南茶树品种与肯尼亚茶树品种加工成的红碎茶品质成分差异原因,推动云南红茶品种改良,对16个云南茶树品种及5个肯尼亚茶树品种加工成的红碎茶中茶多酚、氨基酸、咖啡碱、水浸出物、茶黄素(TF)、茶红素(TR)、茶褐素(TB)含量进行测定,并对红碎茶品质进行感官审评。结果表明,云南茶树品种与肯尼亚品种加工的红碎茶中茶多酚、咖啡碱、氨基酸、水浸出物及TF、TR、TB含量差异均不显著。但是云南红碎茶中氨基酸、TF含量总体低于肯尼亚红碎茶,5个肯尼亚红碎茶TF≥1.00%,仅有2个云南红碎茶TF≥1.00%。云南及肯尼亚红碎茶的TF、TR及TB所占的比例不尽相同,云南红碎茶的TF:TR:TB=1:9.4:10.3,肯尼亚红碎茶的TF:TR:TB=1:5.7:5.3。总体上,云南红碎茶的汤色多为红亮,而肯尼亚红碎茶多为红艳明亮,云南红碎茶的甜香总体上不如肯尼亚红碎茶的浓郁持久,而且滋味浓强及鲜爽度也弱于肯尼亚红碎茶。但是‘云抗50号’、‘云抗43号’、‘云抗37号’、‘佛香1号’、‘佛香2号’、‘佛香3号’加工的红碎茶综合品质感官审评得分接近或超过肯尼亚茶树品种,可作为优质红茶品种进一步推广利用。

The paper aims to clarify the difference of quality components of broken black tea between Yunnan varieties and Kenya varieties under the same cultivation environment,thus to improve Yunnan black tea varieties.The content of tea polyphenols,amino acids,caffeine,water extracts,theaflavins(TF),thearubigin(TR)and theabrownines(TB)of 16 Yunnan varieties and 5 Kenya varieties were determined and the quality of broken black tea was evaluated.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the contents of tea polyphenols,caffeine,amino acids,water extracts,TF,TR and TB between Yunnan varieties and Kenya varieties.However,the amino acid and TF contents of Yunnan varieties were generally lower than those of Kenyan varieties.TF content of the 5 Kenya varieties was more than 1.00%,while TF content of only 2 Yunnan varieties was beyond 1.00%.Furthermore,the proportion of TF,TR,TB of the tea varieties from Yunnan and Kenyan exhibited significant difference,and the proportion of TF:TR:TB in Yunnan varieties was 1:9.4:10.3,while the proportion was 1:5.7:5.3 in the 5 Kenya varieties.Generally,liquid color of Yunnan varieties was mainly red and bright,but that of Kenya varieties was brilliant red and bright.Aroma richness and persistence of Yunnan varieties were not as good as that of Kenya varieties.Meanwhile,the strength and mellow flavor of Yunnan varieties were lower than that of Kenya varieties.However,‘Yunkang 50’,‘Yunkang 43’,‘Yunkang37’,‘Foxiang 1’,‘Foxiang 2’,‘Foxiang 3’scored close to or higher than Kenya varieties in terms of comprehensive quality evaluation of processed broken black tea,and could be promoted as high quality black tea varieties.