华南地区冬季温室补光对微型月季扦插及生长发育的影响

Effects of Supplementary Lighting in Winter on Cutting and Growth of Rosa chinensis Minima in Greenhouse in South China

【目的】探讨华南地区温室冬季微型月季扦插母株补光对其扦插繁殖和生长发育的影响,为微型月季的商业化栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以一年生微型月季品种粉佳人为试材,采用完全随机试验,补光处理的扦插母株于生长期每天4:00~9:00和16:00~20:00两个时段给予50μmol/m^2·s的LED红蓝光灯照射9h,对照在自然光下生长,观察补光对微型月季扦插品质和生长发育的影响。【结果】补光处理和对照的最长根长分别为8.97、8.42cm,平均根长分别为7.92、7.64cm,根系数量分别为18.5、19.3条,以上指标两处理间无显著差异;补光处理微型月季扦插苗的根鲜重、根干重、叶鲜重、叶干重、地上部鲜重和地上部干重分别比对照增加26.55%、85.71%、40.68%、50%、38.37%和42.86%;株高为14.37cm、茎粗为2.25mm、叶面积为16.74cm2、节位数8.07个,而对照分别为11.91cm、1.97mm、3.49cm^2、6.33个,二者差异极显著;微型月季的单花花期约为28d,补光处理可显著提高盆花的成花率和产量,降低盲枝的发生率,并提早花期约10d。【结论】华南地区冬季温室微型月季扦插母株补光可提高插穗扦插品质,同时可提高初花的成花率和商品率,并且提早花期。

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of light supplementation in winter on cuttage propagation and growth of miniature rose in greenhouse in South China and to provide theoretical basis for the commercial cultivation of miniature rose.【Method】The miniature rose cultivar‘fenjiaren’were selected as tested material.A complete randomized experiment was designed with two treatments,namely,supplementary light(PPFD 50μmol/(m^2·s))and control(natural light).During the growth period,mother plant with supplementary light were exposed to 50μmol/(m^2·s)LED red and blue light for 9 h a day at 4:00-9:00 and 16:00-20:00,to observe its influence on the cutting quality and growth of miniature rose.【Result】Supplementary lighting did not significantly affect the longest root length and the average root length,which were 8.97 cm and 7.92 cm respectively,and its root number was 18.5.While the longest root length and the average length of control treatment were 8.32 cm and 7.64 cm respectively,and its root number was 19.3.For the three indicators mentioned above,there was no significant difference between two treatment.The root fresh weight,root dry weight,leaf fresh weight,leaf dry weight,above-ground fresh weight and above-ground dry weight of miniature rose cutting seedlings increased by 26.55%%,85.71%,40.68%,50%,38.37%and 42.86%,respectively.The plant height,stem diameter and leaf area of cutting seedlings treated with supplementary lighting were 14.37 cm,2.25 mm and 16.74 cm2 respectively and the number of node was 8.07.While the plant height,stem diameter and leaf area of the control group were 11.91 cm,1.97 mm and 13.49 cm2,respectively,and the number of node was 6.33.The above four indicators of supplementary lighting treatment were extremely significantly different from those of the control.The single flowering period of miniature rose were both about 28 days,and the flowering rate and yield of potted flowers could be increased significantly by supplementary lighting,which could reduce the incidence of blind bloom and could advance the flowering period about 10 days.【Conclusion】Results in this study indicate that supplementary lighting to greenhouse miniature roses in winter in South China could obtain better cutting effect,higher flowering rate and higher yield,and the flowering period could also be advanced.