混合励磁水轮同步发电机结构与原理

Structure and Principle of Hybrid Excitation Hydroelectric Synchronous Generator

针对现有小型水轮同步发电机运行效率低的问题,提出一种新型的可满足小型水电站运行要求的混合励磁同步发电机。该混合励磁水轮发电机转子由4个铁磁磁极和4个永磁磁极构成,每个磁极均布置励磁绕组,铁磁下的励磁绕组为运行励磁绕组,永磁磁极下的励磁绕组为灭磁励磁绕组,分别分析了两套励磁绕组工作时的气隙磁场调节原理。基于二维电磁场有限元法,计算了该混合励磁同步发电机运行性能,得到了该发电机的空载电压波形及其特性。与研制的混合励磁同步发电机样机测试结果吻合,验证了计算结果的正确性,同时说明该混合励磁同步发电机具有较宽的气隙磁场调节能力,可以满足小型水电站无功调节的要求。

Aiming at the low efficiency of existing small hydro-synchronous generators,a new hybrid excitation synchronous generator which can meet the operation requirements of small hydropower stations was proposed.The hybrid excitation generator rotor was composed of 4 ferromagnetic poles and 4 permanent magnet poles,each of which was provided with excitation winding,the excitation winding under ferromagnetic was a running excitation winding,and the excitation winding under the permanent magnet pole was a demagnetizing excitation winding.The air gap magnetic field regulation principle of two sets of excitation windings was analyzed respectively.Based on the 2D electromagnetic field finite element method,the operation performance of the hybrid excitation synchronous generator was calculated,and the no-load voltage waveform and its characteristics were obtained.The test results of the hybrid excitation synchronous generator are in good agreement,and the correctness of the calculation results was verified.At the same time,the hybrid excitation synchronous generator has a wide air gap magnetic field adjustment capability,which can meet the requirements of small hydropower station reactive power regulation.