2010-2016年四川省炭疽病例流行病学分析

Epidemiological Analysis of Anthrax Cases From 2010 to 2016 in Sichuan Province

目的分析2010-2016年四川省炭疽流行特征,为炭疽的科学防控提供依据。方法搜集四川省2010-2016年炭疽疫情信息及相关资料,建立数据库,应用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2010-2016年四川省每年均有炭疽病例报告,累计报告病例458例,年均发病率为0.081/10万。报告病例有明显地域特征,所有病例均分布在三州地区,即阿坝藏族羌族自治州、甘孜藏族自治州和凉山彝族自治州,以上地区发病率分别为3.65/10万、2.32/10万和0.08/10万。发病高峰为每年的6~9月,部分年份有高峰后移现象。发病年龄以20~59岁为主,占报告病例总数的78.17%(358/458),男女性别比为2.25∶1。病例临床类型以皮肤炭疽为主,占报告病例总数的98.91%(453/458);无肺炭疽病例。结论四川省炭疽防控工作形势严峻,在重点地区加大炭疽防治知识的宣传力度、建立联防联控机制是今后工作的重点。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of anthrax in Sichuan Province from2010 to 2016 and provide evidence for prevention and control.Methods Information and data about anthrax epidemics in Sichuan Province from 2010 to 2016 were collected and a database was established. A descriptive analysis was conducted. Results A total of 458 cases of anthrax were reported from 2010 to 2016. There were cases reported every year. The average annual incidence rate was 0.081/100 000. All cases were sourced from three regions, i.e. Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Ngawa, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê and Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. The average annual incidence rates of these three regions were 3.65/100 000, 2.32/100 000 and 0.08/100 000, respectively. The peak of cases was observed from June to September and later in some years. The ages of onset were mainly between 20 and 59 years,and patients in this age group accounted for78.17% of the total(358/458). The male to female ratio was 2.25∶1. Concerning the clinical type, cutaneous anthrax was the primary type,accounting for 98.91%(453/458);and no inhalation anthrax was discovered. Conclusion The situation of anthrax prevention and control in Sichuan Province was very severe. It is necessary to spread the propaganda for knowledge about prevention and treatment of anthrax in the high risk areas.