海参磷脂对阿尔兹海默病模型大鼠认知功能的影响

Effects of sea cucumber phospholipids on cognitive function in Alzheimer′s disease model rats

目的研究海参磷脂对阿尔兹海默病模型大鼠去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、乙酰胆碱转移酶(ChAT)水平和认知功能的影响。方法选择SD健康大鼠30只,将30只大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和海参磷脂组三组,每组10只,对模型组和海参磷脂组大鼠进行阿尔兹海默病模型建立,空白组不做处理。给予海参磷脂组大鼠注射海参磷脂治疗,对模型组和空白组大鼠注射等体积生理盐水。2周后观察三组大鼠状况,比较三组大鼠认知功能,HE染色后观察其病理组织学特征,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测NE、DA和ChAT水平。结果模型组和海参磷脂组大鼠的逃避潜伏期明显长于空白组(P均<0.05),但海参磷脂组大鼠较模型组明显缩短(P均<0.05);模型组和海参磷脂组大鼠的穿越平台次数明显少于空白组(P均<0.05),且海参磷脂组较模型组明显增多(P<0.05);海参磷脂组大鼠平衡木评分和Longa评分在5、10、14 d时的评分均显著低于模型组大鼠(P均<0.05);空白组HE染色镜下可见神经元的排列较为整齐和紧密,细胞核也清晰可见,模型组的神经元排列相对混乱且有部分呈现细胞核凋亡和固缩,海参磷脂组相较于模型组神经元排列较为整齐,神经元凋亡和细胞核固缩的状态也明显好于模型组;模型组和海参磷脂组NE、DA、ChAT水平明显低于空白组(P均<0.05),但海参磷脂组较模型组明显升高(P均<0.05)。结论海参磷脂能够改善阿尔兹海默病大鼠的认知功能和海马组织的神经元排列及细胞凋亡程度,提高NE、DA、ChAT的水平。

Objective To study the effects of sea cucumber phospholipid on the levels of norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA),acetylcholine transferase(ChAT) and on the cognitive function in Alzheimer′s disease model rats.Methods Thirty healthy SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:blank group,model group and sea cucumber phospholipid group(n=10,each).The models of Alzheimer′s disease were established in model group and sea cucumber phospholipid group,and no processing was performed in blank group.The sea cucumber phospholipid injection was given in sea cucumber phospholipid group,and normal saline of equal volume was injected in model group and blank group.Two weeks later,the cognitive function was compared among three groups.The histopathological characteristics were observed after HE staining.The levels of NE,DA and ChAT were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The escape latency in model group and sea cucumber phospholipid group increased significantly compared with blank group(all P<0.05),and was significantly shorter in sea cucumber phospholipid group than that in model group(all P<0.05);the number of platform-crossing significantly decreased in model group and sea cucumber phospholipid group compared with blank group(all P<0.05),and was significantly lower in model group than that in sea cucumber phospholipid group(P<0.05).The balance beam score and Longa score in sea cucumber phospholipid group were significantly lower than those in model group at 5-,10-,and 14-day(all P<0.05).HE staining showed that in blank group,neurons arranged in orderly and tightly compact,and the nucleus were clearly visible;in model group,neurons were relatively chaotic,and some of them showed apoptosis and pyknosis of nucleus;in sea cucumber phospholipid group,the neurons arranged more orderly with improved state of neuron apoptosis and nuclear pyknosis compared with model group.The levels of NE,DA and ChAT in model group and sea cucumber phospholipid group were significantly lower than those in blank group(all P<0.05),and were statistically higher in sea cucumber phospholipid group than those in model group(all P<0.05).Conclusion Sea cucumber phospholipids can improve the cognitive function of Alzheimer′s disease rats,the arrangement of neurons in the hippocampus and the degree of cell apoptosis and increase the levels of NE,DA and ChAT.