高速公路隧道行车视觉特性分析

Visual Characteristics of Drivers for Driving Through Freeway Tunnel

从交通安全的角度,为获取高速公路隧道行车视觉特性,利用Tobii Glass2眼动仪在夏季11:00-14:00开展了实车测试实验,采集了驾驶人的眼动数据。选取驾驶人的注视持续时间、平均注视时间、瞳孔直径、注视时间比例、扫视时间比例等指标,利用ErgoLAB平台和Origin数据分析软件对相关指标统计分析。以老山隧道为例,分析了隧道照明分段、半开敞棚洞段和隧道内部视线不良路段的驾驶人视觉特性。实验结果表明,驾驶人在隧道照明出入口段驾驶过程中注视时间比例较高;驾驶人在隧道照明基础段行驶过程中注视时间比例降低,扫视时间比例升高;隧道出口段采用半开敞棚洞结构能够降低驾驶人行驶过程中的注视时间比例及扫视时间比例,减弱驾驶人获取驾驶信息的难度和驾驶过程中的紧张感;驾驶人在长大隧道内部视距不良路段行驶时,注视时间比例集中在70%左右,注视热点区域主要集中在视线正前方。

Considering traffic safety,Tobii Glass2 eye movement tester is used in vehicle experiments at 11:00 to 14:00 in summer to get visual characteristics of drivers in freeway tunnel.Data of eye movement of drivers is collected.The indices of fixation duration,average fixation time,pupil diameter,fixation ratio,and scanning ratio are selected and analyzed by ErgoLAB and Origin.Taking Laoshan Tunnel as a case study,visual characteristics of drivers are analyzed in lighting sections,semi-open shed sections,and poor range of visibility sections inside the tunnel.The results show that fixation ratio is higher in entrance and exit sections of lighting tunnels.Fixation ratio is lower while scanning ratio is higher in foundation sections of lighting tunnels.At the exit sections,the fixation ratio and scanning ratio of drivers can be reduced by semi-open shed design.Drivers are less nervousness when have fewer difficulties in obtaining driving information.When driving in long tunnels with poor visual distance,the proportion of fixation time of drivers is about 70%,and their gaze area is mainly in the direct line of sight.