锅炉水冷壁管爆管的原因分析及应对策略研究

Cause Analysis and Countermeasure Research on Tube Blasting of Boiler Water Wall Tube

针对某石化厂锅炉水冷壁管爆管的事故案例,通过宏观检查、力学性能测试、成分检测、扫描电镜等对锅炉联箱部位失效炉管进行检验,经上述实验结果综合分析,可知炉管的强度、硬度和元素成分均符合标准,金相组织也没有发生改变,但经电镜观察发现断口裂纹终端存在分层坍塌的形貌,由此认为是因为焊接电流过大,引起的焊接接头裂纹,在高压作用下,裂纹扩展,最终导致水冷壁管爆裂。据此,提出相应的解决方案和预防措施。

In view of the accident case of water-cooled wall tube bursting of a petrochemical plant boiler,the failure of the boiler header box is tested by macroscopic inspection,mechanical property test,composition detection,scanning electron microscope,etc.The strength,hardness and elemental composition of the tube are in line with the standard,and the metallographic structure has not changed.However,the morphology of the fracture at the end of the fracture crack is observed by electron microscopy.It is considered that the welding joint is too large due to excessive welding current.Crack,under the action of high pressure,the crack spreads,eventually leading to bursting of the water wall tube.Based on this,the corresponding solutions and preventive measures are proposed.