释教的赋体书写:南北朝“释类赋”源起、策略和意义论

Buddhism Writing by Fu: On the Origin,Strategy and Significance of “Buddhism Fu” in the Southern and Northern Dynasties

赋与宗教有着较为紧密的关联,并常被作为传达释教思想的重要载体。现存子部、集部文献中收录的南北朝"释类赋"共有11篇,这种"文字之因缘"与南北朝时期文士和僧人的交游风气相关。为了达到阐释佛学教义的目的,僧人和文士采用了不同的书写策略。前者自觉揉合佛教讲经、唱导、论辩的艺术表现手法;后者虽在赋题、物象、场景及旨意上关涉释教,但在表现手法上更多地是"文随时变":一将赋序与赋文相结合,二将理趣与情境相结合。作为一种新型的辞赋类型,南北朝"释类赋"对当时与后世的辞赋创作及其创作意识上的反思,影响不可轻忽,故在古代赋学史上具有较为重要的意义。

Fu had a close relationship with religion."Buddhism Fu" was often used as an important literary carrier to convey Buddhism. There were 11 articles of "Buddhism Fu" in the existing ancient literature of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The main reason for the formation of the "Buddhism Fu" was related with the social atmosphere formed by monks and the famous scholars at that time. In order to achieve the purpose of interpreting Buddhist doctrines,authors of different identities used different writing strategies. Buddhist monks consciously blended the art of preaching,singing,arguing of Buddhism. Although the scribes were related to Buddhism in the form of subject,object,scene and purpose,scholars used the strategies of "the text changing at any time" for the style of expression,i.e. one was the combination of preface and text,the other was the combination of philosophy and scene. As a new type of Fu,"Buddhism Fu" in the Northern and Southern Dynasties was of great significance in the history of ancient Fu studies,which should not be ignored in the creation and critical thinking of the Fu at that time and later generations.